Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (2024)

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Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (1)[...]riisi firnovso r 34212/0;

COVER:
GIA CARIDES IN BEN l.EWlN’S
‘LUCKY BREAK’

STEPHAN EI.l.l0'I"l"s ‘PRISCILLA, QUEEN or 'I'I‘-IE IJESERT7’
P I. u s_ VICTORIAN SIIPPLEMENTL: ‘MIlRlEI.’S wEooINc’.'/E*Lu_(:k<Y i;REA;

AND".“0’NI.Yj1'|lE BRAVE’/[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (2)[...]IIETT: FILM VICTORIA Interview by Scott Murray
28 P. J. HOGAN: MURIEI. '8 WEDDING Interview by Jan Ep[...]ndrew L. Urban
43 TECIINICALITIES Dominic Case
56 AUSTRALIA’S FIRST FILMS: FEDERATION FILM
Part 10 of a con[...]University of NSW, Sydney;
ANNA DZENIS is a tutor in Cinema Studies at LaTrobe University; JAN EPSTEIN[...]JOHN FOAM is a
film buff with a special interest in Italian Cinema; LLOYD HART is a principal of the law firm Hart & Spira and has for more than 13 years
acted for Fi[...]Theology Review; LORRAINE MORTIMER is a lecturer in Cinema Studies at
LaTrobe University; TOM O’REGAN is a senior lecturer in Communications at Murdoch University and the co-e[...]ernational; DAVID VALLENCE co-hosts the film show on 3CR;

RAYMOND YOUNIS is a lecturer at the Univers[...]er of films; MONICA ZETLIN co-hosts the film show on 3CR.

Editor: Scott Murray; Assistant Editor: Raf[...]rtson and Marius Foley; Bromide Output: Witchtype P/L; Printing: Jenkin Buxton; Distribution: Network[...]ch may arise. This magazine may not be reproduced in whole or part without the express permission of t[...]Limited, 43 Charles Street Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia 3067

Telephone (03) 429 5511. Fax (03) 42[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (3)BRIEFLY

letters

Dear Editor,

In the Ken G. Hall obituary by Neil McDonald
[Cinema Papers, No. 99, June 1994], there is an
error in one of the photo captions, pages 14-15.
The role of P. G. ‘‘Bill‘‘ Taylor (later Sir Gordon
Taylor) is credited to Grant Taylor. In fact, P. G.
Taylor played himself as did William “Bil|y[...]nstable

Senior Lecturer

School of Communication & Cultural Studies
Curtin University of Technology,[...]untry, so we decided to
take the Outdoor Festival on the road as well."
The unique festival will event[...]ly. Kirkwood:
“The weather just can't be relied on, and movies
under the stars aren't much fun without the stars."
Entries must be under 40 minutes in length and
should be submitted on a VHS preview cassette.
Entry forms can be picked[...]e.

The Small Man is a contemporary melodrama
set in Papua New Guinea, based on an original
idea by Hillcoat. The FFC’s Chief E[...]of obsession, of political and
emotional tension, in a white community iso-
lated from European civili[...]al.

The Small Man is about an expatriate, living in
Papua New Guinea, who falls in love with a woman
who rekindles memories of his d[...]e and Johnny.

Gene Conl-<ie worked with Hillcoat on the screen-
play of Ghosts of the Civil Dead, wh[...]th Hillcoat began
when she was production manager on Ghosts of
the Civil Dead.

Southern Star is the sales agent for The Small
Man and the local distributor is Palace Entertain-
ment. The film will be shot in Queensland and
Papua New Guinea early next year.

The other three projects in the FFC’s Fourth
Film Fund are Spider& Rose (Bi[...]Baby
(Michael Rymer).

Australian Film Commission
On 18 July, Cathy Robinson, Chief Executive of
the A[...]as an independent consultant and
writer focussing onin production support and development,
distribution[...]xperience
within the public sector, having worked in eco-
nomic and cultural policy planning and develop-
ment in the Western Australian Ministry of Premier
and Cabinet, and industry policy in other public
sector agencies.

Ward's experience includes involvement in the
recent review of Western Australian film supp[...]’s Film
and Television Festival Working Party.

In May 1994, the Australian Film Commission
completed negotiations fora move to new premises
in 150-162 William Street, Darlinghurst. The build-[...]ade its office

facilities, consolidate its staff on two levels and
provide a higher standard of theat[...]There was an existing theatre structure already
in place, which we have improved. It was a
deciding factor in choosing the William Street
site. The theatre will be located on the ground
floor of the new premises, and will se[...]reen and
upgraded lenses.

000000

Film Victoria

On 9 August, Film Victoria announced the appoint-
me[...]l Laker as the new Government
Film Unit Manager.

In his role, Laker will be primarily responsible
for[...]ion relating
to the services and skills available in the Victorian
film and television production comm[...]e advice to government de-
partments and agencies on the production of a
range of audio-visual project[...]year's 85-film show-
case at the Pompidou Centre in Paris and a similar
event this year at New York's Museum of Modern
Art.

In November this year, Australian audiences
will hav[...]s most important, but little understood, partners
in the Asia-Pacific region.

Korea possesses the tenth largest economy in

—e
CONTINUES ON PAGE 71

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (4)[...]be targeted to the prime—time documentary slots in the SBS
schedule, which are The Cutting Edge, Abo[...]issues.

The proposals should reflect aspects of Australia's pluralist society, and should be
forward lookin[...]e. Applicants are encouraged to deal with issues

in positive and innovative ways. The programs should[...]ill wish to see a clear reflection of its charter in the issues treated in the
proposal as well as an active engagement in the development of NESB talent
both on and off camera. Applicants are advised to give th[...]$190,000. Higher
budgets will only be considered in exceptional circumstances. Applicants shou[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (5)[...]0F THE DESERT’.

Priscilla, as nearly everyone in Australia presumably knows by
now, tells the story of two d[...]and one transsexual as
they travel across half of Australia to climb a rock and put on a
show at an outback resort.

Written and directed by Elliott, whose first feature Frauds was
also released in Australia this year, Priscilla stars Terence Stamp
(as Bern[...]e (Adam) and
Bill Hunter (Bob).

PART 1: RECORDED IN CANNES, MAY 1994, THE DAY
AFTER PRISCll.lA’S MIDNIGHT SCREENING IN UN
CERTAIN REGARD.

It was great fun last night.[...]to be there still watching a movie
at 2 o’clock in the morning. I’ve fallen asleep in every single

midnight screening I’ve been to. I even fell asleep in Strictly
Ballroom [Baz Luhrmann, 1993].

You did[...]was much more subdued and polite. The film worked on a
different level — the emotional. In San Fran, they laughed at all the
jokes and had a[...]ng at — middle—of-
the-road, with an emphasis on young people?
Yes, you’re right, because the ga[...]re Tick says, “Bernadette has left her cake out in the rain ...”
Last night, they didn’t get it,[...], like Strictly
Ballroom. It was a different film in different territories and it
wasn’t even humour—based.

You touch on Why your characters are the way they are in a very
light—handed way. Were you concerned tha[...]nto a different film?

Yes. The world is drowning in politics. We are not allowed to
laugh any more at[...]issues. Any film that’s gay themed is drowning in its own
politics.

I originally went to the Mardi Gras people inin a bad light”, and on and on. Politics!

The transsexual sees herself as a woman and is more subdued in her
costuming than the other two, who have this d[...]en over. It’s stepped beyond that, particularly in
Sydney. It is the world leader, though it’s happening now in the
States and elsewhere.

Drag has nothing to do[...]It’s like cabaret acts now.

Hugo Weaving says in the production notes, “It’s liberating to
dress up.” What’s the kick for a male in all that imitation
femaleness?

In Sydney, I had Hugo, Guy and Terence done up in the most
grotesque drag and then we went wanderin[...]would never be able to do

The world is drowning in politics.

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (6)[...]ng to give the Festival some life, but it bit him
in the bum very badly. The backlash of that was what[...]to me, “We love your film, but we
cannot put it in Competition. We don’t want comedy.” And I
sai[...]new enfant terrible?

It’s getting very crowded in the cradle with all the enfants terrible.
You don[...]normal.

For instance, I want to do a film based on a short story by Ayn
Rand, who is one of my favou[...]hort story I’ve ever read that has made me cry. In fact, everyone
I’ve given it to has also burst[...]nt, like all the Coen
brothers films. You are not in them; you’re watching from the
distance. It was[...]n it

went away again.

PART 2: RECORDED BY PHONE IN AUSTRALIAin a very, very big way.

When will it open there?

They are racing to get us open on August 7. I have to do this video
clip tomorrow and then I’m flying out to do 26 cities in 26 days.

We are going to open pretty wide by the looks of things. We
got three pages the other day inIn Cannes, Alan Finney of Roadshow suggested that the Austral-
ian premiere should occur in Tasmania, be opened by Fred Nile
and be sponsored[...]] Alan’s a funny man, a funny man.
Do you think Australia is ready for Priscilla?

Yes, because in this country it won’t be seen as a gay flagship[...]y
Hugo, who is somebody they all trust and love.

In Australia, it’s going to do fabulously well on its own two
feet. Audiences will embrace it as just another successful Austral-
ian film, whereas in America and across Europe it will be this[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (7)[...]ghtened that the film was going to be looked
down on by women, because there are not a lot of female roles
in the film and the ones that are there are not trea[...]Nights deals with political correctness. It takes on issues
— AIDS and promiscuity —- and faces them directly. Priscilla
touches on issues like AIDS and then steps right over them.[...]val was, “Why
didn’t you face more gay issues in the film? There are a lot of
important blah blah ” The heavy—wing gay groups then started
in on me. I said, “Hey, if you want to make that sort[...]al here — a very funny, tasteless,
brash, loud, in—ya-face film. I didn’t want to get into that.[...]to ignore it, but I didn’t.
AIDS is there.”

In Priscilla, you diffuse people’s fear of drag qu[...]9505 musicals. The
theatrics were just so big and in—ya-face and I realized this was it;
this was th[...]rk. Drag queens are the
most undisciplined people on earth. Their evening kicks in at
about 11pm and when the sun comes up they go h[...]an think of.” That’s where Terence
Stamp came in.

8 - CINEMA PAPERS 101

TICK [HUGO WEAVING). THE[...]ing it to him.

It was the same with Phil Collins on Frauds. Phil was com-
pletely shocked: Mr Nice Gu[...]y butch character, presently riding a horse
round on Snowy River, and I said, “Let’s turn him into[...]ly similarity is
that they are very colourful and in—ya-face. But I’ve done that

now. My next project is a very dark love story. It’s based on a
chilling but absolutely fascinating shor[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (8)[...]I want to try a really intelligent horror film.

On top of those, I have so many other things lined up. There
is the Ayn Rand storyl mentioned to you in Cannes, which I have
now optioned, after quite a[...]ll never do another gay film again. I’ve played in that
area and I’ve had enough. Iwant to always[...]sat me down and said, “We really want to invest in
you, but we are a bit frightened.” “Why frigh[...]lways sit at a dinner table
throwing as much wood on the fire as I can
until somebody basically snaps.[...]ard back. We are still waiting.
There are lawyers on standby.

Have you had many overseas offers?

Whe[...]were
throwing themselves at me. Every studio
came in and proposed a deal. There were
some weird ones,[...]u have to do what he wants?

No, we will sit down in a room and have, as
he put it, “a screaming mat[...]ink about that and that I was seeing every studio in town.

It was great getting all this attention, b[...]We’d definitely like to get involved
with them in the future, but, ah, look we have a script at the[...]e you to have a look at.” All those people said
in Cannes that they wanted to make my next film, no[...]rial I gave them.

The horror of development hell in Hollywood is that hundreds
of thousands of dollars are spent on scripts every week. Execs
develop a screenplay by spending $50,000 on it. Then they spend
another $5 0,000 on it to make it a little bit better. But it’s sti[...]50,000 to get to this
stage. Someone’s head’s on the chopping block. So, no matter
how bad these s[...]aramount, for example, says it is very interested in putting
one or two ofmy ideas into development. So I asked, “How many
films have you in development at the moment?”, and they sa[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (9)[...]ry surprised how certain other people have jumped in
already. One Australian director I know is doing[...]this?” They said,
“Because someone famous is in it.” I said, “But it’s rat shit. It’s
not[...]our own shots.

The plan is to keep mobile. I’m on a good roll at the moment. I
have all the European money interested in me; Priscilla was co-
funded by European money. U[...]t. Every time I travel, I
just want to come home. In my future contracts, it will state that
I won’t have to write the script in America nor do the post-
production there. Fred S[...]I have a project somewhere up our sleeves. It’: in

10 - CINEMA PAPERS 101

about a film or two’s[...]ts we divided with the crew.
Everybody who worked on the production got a point.
That left me with basically nothing, as I didn’t get paid
much for the film in the first place. But I did get to make
the film t[...]nail all night
long, because they were investors in the film.

It’s quite simple: the bigger the bu[...]creeping up past
that dreaded $5m mark, you’re in trouble. Fair enough,
too, because it’s not you[...]ou have to be responsible. But
when it gets to $5 in, they can become very fucking responsible.

Does[...]the wrong word. It’s a true story that happened in
Melbourne which I’m thinking of relocating some[...]o jump at a fish. I said I don’t want
Priscilla in Competition and they were very good to us. They
r[...]ephone arguments
trying to work out how to get it in. But I said, “I am not coming
back to Cannes if[...]ter what
I do from this point onwards, I’m sure in some capacity Cannes

CONTINUES ON PAGE 86

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (10)[...]him.

Bill is a great actor and the things he did on The Hit were
amazing. So I said to Steph, “Why[...]terical.

Did you have to overcome any prejudices in playing Bernadette?

No, I had to overcome lots o[...]t. It
was a chance to fail and have a good time.

In truth, it didn’t matter whether I succeeded or[...]o women’s clothes. As Adam says, “We
dress up in women’s clothes and prance around, mouthing to[...]sponsible for your making some less
notable films in the 19705?

In the 1970s, I was really retired and did a lot of[...]vertical.
It is a different dimension altogether. In that sense, it was a big
departure for me.

What[...]g queens is they are basically ordinary guys and,
in that moment when they get up and perform, they ar[...]ve a lot of time, really. I had a couple of Weeks inAustralia?

Yes, I had a wonderful time. I really enjoyed a[...]o Melbourne because I had a really
bad time there in the ’60s.

Why was that?

Because I went there[...]ean
Shrimpton and Melbourne matrons really pissed on us and the
paparazzi. It was ugly.

I’m[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (11)[...]S...‘ (1 976). Of course, to speak
of this film in this particular context is to speak about damned[...]Pure S... is a film that keeps
coming back to you in so many different, ephemeral ways. It is
a film t[...]ral mise—en-scéne represents the underbelly of
Australia’s recent film culture. To echo John Flaus here, this is a
film that reminds you, in so many different and engaging ways,
of the “de[...]reg-
isters that are (to this day) often bypassed in Australian feature

and independent films.

12 - CINEMA PAPERS 101

It is a film that rockets along in its modest way with its
pronounced “Hawksian”[...]g
“Mahogany City” narrative of heroin addicts in search of the
next fix. Part road movie, part com[...]g empathy for its main characters, who
are caught in the vortex of surviving with a heroin addiction in
an unforgiving ethos, is one of the film’s posi[...]now)
mainstream Australian cinema. Deling conveys in graphic and
mobile ways the overriding hysteric l[...]d to this, Deling’s non-judgemental perspective
on his characters and storyline is another refreshin[...]are
experiencing. Nothing is cheaply romanticized in this nitty—
gritty, “white heat”, st[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (12)[...]ty.
And, significantly, its characters are always on the move —
looking, scheming, wondering how they will get their next shot
of “pure shit”. They weave in and around dingy apartments,
dives, haunts, clubs[...]s and class structures as if they were characters in a hard-
boiled crime novel.

Tom Cowan’s sharp,[...]attuned performance as
one of the main characters on the move for the next shot. Helen
Garner’s came[...]characterization of a psychiatrist)
who believes in his panopticon morality as the prescriptive
solut[...]ients. All the main leads are
credible characters in terms of their dialogue and actions. Phil[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (13)Earlier on in the film, a young Woman fatally overdoses. The
de[...]as part of the fabric of
everyday life. Life goes on, hysteria and all. In less capable hands,

Pure S... would have been milked for all its melodramatic juice.
What I prize in Pure S..., aside from its rhizomatic Concerns and[...]matively, Pure S... has much to offer to us today in terms
of enriching our current cinematic grammar. It is a film that
speaks of things in a modest but alive way: it is rooted in our
urban vernacular of everyday speech, behaviou[...]esty about its
characters and the world they live in. It is a film, like one of your

favourite songs[...]therefore, shown with the revised “Pure
S...” on the credits.

PURE s... Directed by Bert Deling. Producer: Bob Weis. Sctiptwriter: Bert
Deling in collaboration with the cast. Director ofphotograp[...]ED AND C0-WRITTEN BY l.EE ROBINSON
85 MINS, 1954

On the face of it, King ofthe Coral Sea has little going for
it. Made and set in Mabo country — the Torres Strait—the
Islander[...]d’ Tingwell (as Peter Merriman, the city blow—ininin the business of
bringing in “prohibited European nationals” (we see only one in
his narrow brimmed hat) from Hong Kong. For his p[...]nd Rafferty’s approach as “a comic strip
yarn in an exotic location”. They also note its “slac[...]environs. Pike and Cooper
note that Robinson drew on his documentary about the pearling
industry to make this film (just as he earlier drew on Namatjira
the Painter, 1947, for The Phantom Stoc[...]situation is callously treated. Trying to breach Australia’s
borders is apparently of the same order of crime as trafficking in

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (14)on himself to avoid capture. All we know is that he[...]ible for the death of a
‘Commonwealth agent’. In classic comic—book logic, they are the
baddies;[...]er boyfriend “hanging around”. She
also cries in church. Yes, on many counts, Coral Sea is a bad film.
It is ideol[...]it those comic—strip qualities
too rarely found in our cinema? (In this context, it is nice to know
that Lee Robinson was also a key figure in the television series,
S/zippy.) Is it that, as B[...]r-
writing so much internal migration to Northern Australia, then
and now? Is it the problems it creates for[...]rnation-
alization as producers are now operating in an environment not
far removed from the one Robinson worked in during the 1950s
and 19605? Is it the Mabo decision and the recognition of settler
Australia’s continuing colonization in and outside Australia that
made me focus on this, a Torres Strait, film? Is it the feeling that
this film indirectly interrogated Australia’s
borders and our relations with the peoples
of[...]barrassing recog-
nition of a boy’s own Kipling in 1950s
Australia?

Or is it more personal: that this film
evokes f[...]e, another self? For me, the exotic rep-
resented in this film was never far out of
reach. I went to school in the 1960s and
later university in the 1970s with people
from Nui Guinea and the Nor[...]an attractive and available land-
scape emplotted in the tall tales of people
who lived there sent to Catholic boardingl
day schools elsewhere. My uncle on my
father’s side was a station manager in the
Territory and the Gulf of Carpentaria and
som[...]e-
cause my mother was a New Zealander
with Maori in—laws, my sense of location

and place stretched[...]rther
encouraged by reading. Two titles stick out in this regard: Jack
McLaren’s My Crowded Solitude[...]st
full~time jobs was as a blacksmith’s striker on the Queensland
railways in Rockhampton. There the railway workers held the
Torres Strait Islander gang of fettlers in awe. They were the best;
they acted as if they ow[...]y well steered
well clear of them while they were in town. They were also soon
to be displaced — as was the blacksmith’s job - by mechanization;
just as in Coral Sea the Islanders on the pearling boat were, one
presumes, to be displaced by the “aqua lungs” brought in by
Merriman, so pearling operations could keep ab[...]and.

King of the Coral Sea comes out of a moment in Australian
story-telling when industry downturn and a lack of investment in
new plant and equipment made a focus on the margins of
Australia’s means of selling ‘Australia’ internationally and na-
tionally. This interes[...]ry expression to foreground the ‘outback’
and Australia’s margins in storytelling and settings. In doing so,

RUSTY KING (ILMA ADEY). TED KIN[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (15)[...]omparison with Tracey
Moffatt’s mise—en-scene in BeDe1/il (1993) and some of her
photographic work[...]a time as Robinson’s
cinematographer. Robinson in his turn was touched by an
interest in indigenous peoples. In 1949, he made some bizarre
suggestions for the make-up of Australian films: they were to be
set in the Northern Territory, “land of Australians in their truest
sense”, and Aborigines, in particular, were to be good subjects
because, hav[...]and Islander activist claim for a major presence on their terms
in Australian cinema. Robinson (director) and Raffer[...]community: King of the
Coral Sea’s premiere was in Thursday Island. The Robinson
txiuvre of the 1940s and 1 9505 also provides a recognition on film
of a multi—racial Australia at a time of the white Australia policy.
The film refreshingly shows Islanders wor[...]rkable. Jane Campion’s use of a Maori back~drop in
The Piano (1993) and Wim Wenders’ use of Centralian Aborigi-
nes in Until the End of the World (1992) are not that di[...]f Yusep, the Chinese woman and the many
Islanders in King of the Coral Sea. Of course, there is a limi[...](Yusep
and his Chinese girlfriend Serena).

Back in 1974, I had a decision to make: to go North to the
‘exotic’ that was already familiar and Work on cattle properties
and prawning boats inin association with
The Australian Film Institute, Melbourne, 1980, p. 285.

2 Ibid., p. 290.

16 . CINEMA PAPERS 101

3 Ibid., p.285.

4 Tom O’Regan, “Australian Film in the 1950s”, Continuum, 1:1 (1987),
p. 11.

5 William D. Routt, “Are you a fish? Are you a snake?”, Continuum, 8:2
(1994), p.219.

6 Jennie Boddington, Drysdale, Photographer[...]Frontiers”, Monthly Film Bulletin, August
1949, p. 11.

KING or THE CORAL SEA Directed by Lee Robin[...]scharges getting up the
nerve to come over here.

On a sunny Melbourne morning, medical student Paul A[...]rs who seek help or work at the clinic. The day—in—the—
life-of format allows director David Stevens to cut from one
encounter to another — in the waiting room, the consulting
rooms, the tea r[...]ual behaviour, he asks Eric why, when
he could be in a decent practice earning a decent living, he works
in a derelict building “full of prostitutes, pooft[...]ically. When he talks to his
boyfriend’s mother on the phone, then comments on the conver-
sation to the student, it takes a whi[...]op. Paul’s
response is harsh: “Those men come in here — they drop their

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (16)[...]st bill by
thousands of dollars.

2. SAVE with no on-going bank fees.
3. SAVE with home improve[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (17)[...]into the room. He can tell there has been
a slut in there. It reeks of sin. “Must be a friend of yours, is he?”,
quips Eric.

Mood changes quickly in The Clinic. Comedy goes to drama
and back again in the space of a wink or a nudge. But by the end
of[...]ty over a
condition of his own. Eric examines him in a toilet. “All your
worst dreams come true”,[...]hose
poor ignorant prudes out there. At one stage in The Clinic, Wilma
(Betty Bobbit) appears incognito in black wig and dark glasses,
looking ridiculous. E[...]mini—series A Town Like Alice (David
Stevens), in the end Stevens thought The Clinic
had “the same soft, humanist love in it”.“ It is
about the banal (infected) everyd[...]ourned and a priggish young doctor is
transformed in a day. (“You’re not such a
prick away from th[...]People can generally
muster a laugh between them in spite of it all.
At the festive end of the film,[...]“Australian
fairy story” element he mentions in relation to “Undercover”
(David Stevens, 1984[...]ose wanting the “realism” of death and
denial in the new film not hear “Life Could Be A Dream”[...]spite the ensemble strength of The Clinic, it’s in Chris
I-Iaywood’s Eric Linden that the creative combination of hard-
nosed on—the-ground realism and live-your-dream openness[...]delineated
sexualitiesf‘ The identity politics in The Clinic are not of the
excluding, toxic variet[...]and
death have become firmly yoked together again in popular
consciousness. HIV AIDS might make the sexually—transmitted,
clinically—curable diseases in this film seem benign, but it needs
to be said th[...]once

Notes

1 There are no character names given on the front or end credits of The
Clinic. These are[...]overy”,
Cinema Papers, 44-45, March-April 1984, p. 12.

3 The Screening of Australia Vol. 2: Anatomy of a National Cinema;
Currency Press, Sydney, 1988, p. 221.

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (18)[...]ILLIEATA.

“Voyages of Discovery”, op. cit., p. 12.
Ibid, p. 15.
Ibid, p. 12.

The Screening of/lustralia, op. cit., p. 6.

<>O\lC‘\K/I-F-

“Voyages of Discovery”, op. cit., p. 14. Stevens is responding
to Enker’s question about whether Nina in “Undercover” is
supposed to be a lesbian.

9[...]1983.

FRAFFAELE CAPUTO )

Bello Onesto Emigrato

Australia Sposerebbe 9,

Compaesana Illibata
[GIRL IN AUSTRALIA]

Directed and co-written by Luigi Zampa
114 mIns[...]re-emergence of the Australian film industry got on the
way in the early ’70s under a number ofgovernment sche[...]productions
was still an open door for filmmaking in this country. With
Nicolas Roeg’s Walkabout and Ted Kotcheff’s “ Walze in Fright”,
1971 perhaps represents the tail—end of this avenue in a period
called the “decades of survival” by Stuart Cunningham.‘ Walka-
bout and ‘‘Wake in Frigbt” were fairly major foreign productions
set in the exotic locale that is Australia, and, although made for
an international market w[...]ittle support by way of
employment and experience in the path of a developing film
industry.

Another such film released in 1971 is Bello onesto emigrato
Australia sposerebbe compaesana illibata (Girl in Australia),
directed by a veteran Italian filmmaker Luigi Z[...]iter after attending Rome’s Centro
Sperimentale in the ’30s. Zampa soon went on to direct in the
climate of the neorealists in the early ’40s. His two most notable
films are Viz/ere in Pace (To Live in Peace, 1946) and Anni
difficili (Difficult Years,[...]ough
released locally with English subtitles, the distributor “restricted
most screenings to Italian cinemas in major cities, presumably
fearing the reaction of[...]rrier
speaking fluent Italian“. Unlike “Walze in Frig/at” and Walka-
bout, Bello onesto has never been seen either in repertory
cinemas or on television, basically because there has never been
a print in the country since its release.3

Bello onesto tru[...]know of, one at New York’s Museum of
Modern Art in 1986 and the other here in Australia last year. But
this is not to say that a repertor[...]ng migrant) audiences today as it would
have been in 1971. The film certainly appears to be a slapdash
and fairly dopey effort on a couple of levels: at times it employs
a string[...]s a tribe of
painted Aborigines roasting a goanna on an open fire. At other

CONTINUES ON PAGE 79

CINEMA PAPERS 101 . 19

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (19)URBAN EDGE:

NEW URBAN CINEMA
FROM MELBOURNE. AUSTRALIA

Film Victoria takes Melbourne to the world[...]ason URBAN EDGE: NEW URBAN CINEMA FROM MELBOURNE,
AUSTRALIA will screen in London and Washington DC in late 1994.
The season is a Film Victoria initiati[...]cent
achievements of the Victorian film industry in the international arena.

The season showcases a[...]multicultural community.

* THE BIG STEAL * DEATH IN BRUNSWICK

* THE HEARTBREAK KID * HOLIDAYS ON THE RIVER YARRA
* NIRVANA STREET MURDER * PROOF[...]Theatre American Film Institute Theater
London U.K Washington DC U.S.A.

Film Victoria, 4th F[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (20)[...]e two
major sites of Australian film production.

In fact, the first Australian film (covering the
VRC Derby) was shot in Melbourne in

‘November 1896, followed a few daysilater by t[...]dney assumed
greater prominence as a film capital in the 1920s and '30s. But Melbourne revived to be, on and off, the principal hub of the 1970s

revival.[...]Hooks and Chris

Fitchett of Film Victoria detail in their; interview).

just as there has been an increasing interest in discovering and recording regional differences in pronunciation and dialect
throughout Australia, so have there been attempts to delineate regional characteristics in film. Film Victoria hasjust run a season
of films in London and Washington called Urban Edge, a collec[...]tural impact of the smaller states, such as South Australia, with its reviving industry, and,

Western Australia, which has battled bravely to make indigenous films, will be examined in future issues.)

Of course, a film culture is far[...]Image Makers Association has stimulated interest in innovative areas of image-making; the
Melbourne Cinematheque has been a pioneer in taking up the mantle of the defunct National Film Theatre"; the film society
movement in Victoria has always been the country's most activ[...]ooled many fine directors and technicians; and so on.

As well, there are the many firms which are syn[...]ourne filmmaking. Most of these have been covered in'_Vi
“Technicalities” stories over the years,[...]also intends more company and personnel profiles in the future ‘

(starting with Soundfirm and its contribution to sound in Australian filmmaking).

In this supplement, space allows only a concentration on three recent Victorian productions: Ben lewin’s lucky Break; P. J.
Hogan’s Muriel’s Wedding, which while conceived and post-produced in Melbourne was partly shot in Queensland; and Ana
Kokkinos’ 59-minute[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (21)[...]TERVIEWED BY SCOTT MURRAY Film Victoria is one of Australia’s longest—serving state film
bodies. Formed as the Victorian Film Corporation in 1976, it has
been an important stimulus for local and national film culture.
The aggregation in Sydney of the major federal funding bodies,
along with free and pay television, has placed added pressure on
state bodies such as Film Victoria to develop and[...]for
the future.

What have been the major changes in the past five years or so at
Film Victoria?

HOOK[...]through the problems of some of the other
bodies in terms of cost overruns and terrible government reviews,
nonetheless we did have a public bodies review in 1991. The

organization had been through a[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (22)[...]the recommendations that were made we
had already in fact incorporated, and the rest we took on board.
We’ve implemented some internal structur[...]m. We hope to build it to $ 1 Om by various
means in future. That will provide the facility to discoun[...]he Independent Filmmakers’ Fund was
established in 1986 and the New Writers’ Scheme in 1991.
There have also been changes to documentari[...]r, which we do
now. That manager is a great asset in terms of tying—up our
project investment manage[...]all the returns came back, and reporting
was done on time.

What’s happened with that, too, is that[...]orts back, but to
incorporate and gross that data in ways that we can actually use
appropriately. Using statistical theory in managing the whole
business has been a real help,[...]st—time features by new directors of $300,000.

In total, Industry Assistance for 1994-95 will be $3[...]wards at
quite a rate. You’ve been suc-
cessful in not only holding it
but increasing it.

FITCHETT:[...]ARTS.

HOOKS: I have to say we

worked very hard on that. That’s the first thing. Resourcing for
th[...]gies that this organization has
to involve itself in.

Second, we deliver very well for the government[...]ster every
eight months or so, since Barry Cohen. On the other hand, we had
a year and a bit of Jim Ke[...]ble about, film. It’s the most
important sector in the arts portfolio for leading the way into the
i[...]RY ASSISTANCE

Is script development concentrated on features, or spread evenly
across television, sho[...]m Victoria has always done a spread
of everything on the basis that, given the number of features that
we make in Australia each year, people couldn’t survive if they
Weren’t involved in other parts of the industry. Therefore, we
should[...]a very dispropor-
tionate share.

Because of Film Australia?

HOOKS: Partly because of Film Australia, but also because the
chief documentary end—users are the ABC and SBS. They are
inappropriately focused on Sydney and New South Wales.

CINEMA PAPERS 101- 23

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (23)[...]strike-rate. We think that’s

probably the best in Australia, although we can’t get data out of any other ag[...]al documentary slate.

Do you find that imbalance in other areas as well?

HOOKS: No. If we look at the state population share and expect
to have that or above in terms of our output, I think we
accomplish that in all other sectors.

FITCHETT: The amount allocated in script development is a third
for features, a thi[...]llocate things. But we do target a certain number in each
category.

Do you find the percentages of pr[...]strike-
rate. We think that’s probably the best in Australia, although we
can’t get data out of any other ag[...]lutely amazing.

FITCHETT: It’s better than one in five,
Would the AFC’s record challenge that?

H[...]and marketability. We don’t defy those
criteria in order to get that strike—rate up. We don’t se[...]are subjectively judged by generations of
people on the staff and board ofFilm Victoria, all of whom at any
point would have a different view on practically everything — is
finally a good one.[...]o go into production of those that we developed.

In 1983-84, for example, there were 40 new projects[...]ow—budget features, it was about $300-
400,000; On Romper Stomper [Geoffrey Wright, 1992] it was
$340,000, and on Proof [Jocelyn Moorhouse, 1991] $300,000.
Depending on the total budget, it is about 25%.

Which means y[...]TCHETT: Yes.

HOOKS: _ That can be problematical. In situations where the
producer is bringing private[...]our contribution gives it that additional clout. In situa-
tions where we are in partnership with AF C, We may not get the
project[...]hat both
bodies would like to support.

FITCHETT: In fact, we haven’t done one with the AFC since Bo[...]Stomper, Return Home [Ray
Argall, 1990], Holidays on the River Yarra [Leo Berkeley, 1991]
and Body Mel[...]at was four to five years ago. [The film was shot in 1989.]

How, then, does Film Victoria react when[...]ime frame is quite a long time.
There is no point in developing something for a particular fund
if the[...]fully-fund is the
Independent Filmmakers’ Fund. In features, we are always a
junior partner to eithe[...]ranklin, post—production], Muriel’s

Wedding [P. J. Hogan, 1994], Tlae Heartbreak Kid [Michael

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (24)[...]JOHNNO JOHNSTON {ANDREW DMIIJG)
AND SEBGERHT SAFJ PflI1L{P5(GE»BABD
KENNEDY) IN 800!’ M£l.T(PH§L!P BRO?HY}:
HENRY EPETEB MJYQTE} AND BRT (JAMIE
EMOF[...]E. BBIRIMAN (BILL
HUNTER) AKD DALE (DAV!!! FIELD) IN ALKINOS
FSIUlfllDOS' El/EBYNIQHT... EVERYNIGHT. JOHN
TATOULIS‘ THI-‘SILVER BAVUMBY: JOAN
PLOWBIEHT IN RICHIXRD FBANI(LiN‘S E075}.
SOIIRENTD;[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (25)[...]e [Paul Cox, awaiting release].

We were involved in the development of Metal Skin [formerly
Speed, Ge[...], post—production]. We are going to be involved
in the marketing of Lucky Break [Ben Lewin,1994].

T[...]ved with that hasn’t been an AFC or FFC project in the past
four years and that’s E2/eryniglat F.[...]elease], which they actually got to double—head on their
own money and we just came in at the end to finish off.

Greg Smith said in his recent Cinema Papers interview2 that he
was c[...]FITCHETT: It is frustrating not to be able to put in more money.
There is a ceiling at the moment of $500,000, depending on how
our returns from previous investments are goi[...]ld then have generated more money for development
in other areas.

That upper limit has been the situa[...]has been
very good. So, it is frustrating to get in a situation with one of our
financial partners wh[...]g, but I think it’s
respected. If we want to be in something, it’s because the project
has passed[...]hich is respected.

FITCHETT: We are so dependent on returns for our revenue that
we are in the marketplace as much as other people are. And if you
look at who’s on our board, they constitute a very good assess-
me[...]Facility is Film Victoria’s recent initia-
tive in terms of financing. How did that come about?

HOO[...]ays of enhancing the revenue base
of the industry in Victoria. We started out with somebody who
was seconded to us to undertake an analysis of all our financial
affairs to see how we could begin to do that.

We used to do discounting on a very small level with different
projects. But w[...]ks to cash-
flow these guarantees. As Jenny said, in the past we did do it on
projects, but we couldn’t cash—flow the whole amount of a
television pre—sale. On Ocean Girl, for example, we could only
cash—flo[...]oductions, which means you
shoot and post-produce in Victoria. We advance against the
distribution gua[...]e deal.

What amount will you be able to discount in any year?

FITCHETT: This financial year we can do $2.5m of cash—flow.

Will it have much effect on bringing other productions to
Victoria?

FITCHETT[...]esult,
it ended up being shot and post—produced in Victoria. That gave
a lot of work to the laborato[...]e did
the music, Peter Carrodus edited it, and so on.

What other initiatives are important in bringing production to
Victoria?

HOOKS: The Melb[...]the skills and the talent of
people, which builds on areas where we already have strengths,
nationally[...]. Soundfirm is clearly one of them.
I’m not big on locations, I have to say, as any kind of
attracti[...]cular location, when a location isn’t specified in the
script. Imean, if you have an Ocean Girl, the[...]dios because filmmakers can
shoot anywhere, be it on the streets or in a shed. The studio

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (26)business is one of the most difficult businesses in the industry.
World—wide, there is a huge over—supply of studios. Competition
in that business is a tough game. I wouldn’t want to be basing
competitive strategies on a studio.

What are you doing in terms of attracting off—shore productions?

HOOKS: There is an interest in off—shore productions, chiefly co-
productions.[...]some time ago,
and a lot of the people who worked on it were very pleased that
they had that opportuni[...]ways thought that we should work co—operatively
on that. If Queensland has developed this specializa[...], then they
should be directing it to the rest of Australia. Unfortunately, they
often direct it to New Zeala[...]s really a kind of branded front for
the whole of Australia, anyway. The crews they use are from
Victoria and[...]S [surprised]: Oh oh.

FITCHETT: There is a boom in television production at the
moment. Just going through my list of productions in Victoria,
there is a lot of television drama. The[...]They are the ones that Film Victoria is
involved in.

There are others, too, such as Neighbours and A Country
Practice, which is now been done in Victoria. There isjanus at the
ABC, Lift Off2 at[...]ere was that amount of television production back in the
19805, plus up to 20 tele— (and non—)thea[...]etwork putting up the license fee. They made them in
the hope that they would be sold to television.

Well, many of them have a television logo of some kind on the
head credits, such as Network Ten’s on the Kennedy Miller
material and Network Nine’s on many others.

CONTINUES ON PAGE 84

RECENT VICTORIAN FEATURES WITH FIL[...]EDDIE (ANTHONY
LAPAGLIA) AND SOPHIE (GIA CARIDESI IN BEN LEWIN'S LUCKY
BREAK,‘ RIGHT: HARHYIJOHN LYNCH) AND KATE (JACQUELINE
MCKENZIE) IN MICHAEL RYMEITS ANGEL BABY.

CINEMA PAPERS 101 - 27

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (27)i iwriter-director

9.8-

P. J. Hogan interviewed by Jan Epstein

Muriel’s Wedding is the first theatrical feature of writer-director P. l. llogan, who made the acclaimed short Getting[...]roducer team behind the highly-

successful Proof in 1991, Muriel’s Wedding is already a hit, its
Fr[...]uccess at Cannes, where, like Proof, it premiered
in the Quinzaine des Réalisateurs (Directors’ For[...](Toni Collette), a
contemporary Cinderella living in the seaside resort of Porpoise
Spit. The excessiv[...]f her friends and family cause
her to take refuge in a dream world of ABBA songs and search
for the Pr[...]For

me, the inspiration Was a bridal-wear store, in which, of course,
the clientele were women.

I grew up in a small town and it always seemed to me to be
har[...]The

story may have nothing to do with your life in its events, but the
sensibility is the writer’s.

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (28)[...]t. I think that’s the message of the film, too. In fact,
Iwould be very suspicious if the film’s s[...]), JANINE (BELINDA
JARIIETT). TANIA (SOPHIE LEE). P. J. HDGAN’S MUBIELS WEDDING.

What is the theat[...]that she has no power,
that she is put upon. But, in the course of the film, she is the cause
of all the events. She just goes after what she wants in a guileless
but very forthright way, never taking[...]age that she causes.

Iwanted something to happen in Muriel’s life that she had no
control ov[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (29)[...]ent to be as sudden and unexpected
as it would be in life. It was a very deliberate decision to have i[...]omes
along when we expect it. It always sneaks up on us like a mugger,
and slips inIn the script, Rhonda is written as physically a lot like Muriel.
My idea was that Rhonda was an outsider in the same way that
Muriel was. When Rachel walked in, I thought, “She is so
beautiful. There is no w[...]says whatever she thinks and she ruthlessly hones in. No
wonder she is an outsider.

As soon as Rachel[...]nd down to New South Wales, the sort ofguy who
is in with whatever government is in power.

I always imagined Bill as a Labour man, someone who believes
in jobs for the boys. If you do right by your mates,[...]way as a child. There are a lot of
Australian men in that generation who have a problem with
expressin[...]s. Bill is a very unhappy man and he takes
it out on his family.

Equally, Muriel is very callous towa[...]here, is always

30 - CINEMA PAPERS 1.0.1

MURIEL IN A BRIDAL-WEAR SHOP. MUBIELS WEDDING.

going to be[...]re men like that; it’s just a
shock to see them on the screen.

Is Bill based on anyone you know?

I actually find that most politicians have more than a little of “Bill
the Battler” in them.

When Joce and I were travelling around Canada with Proof,
we met the Australian ambassador in Montreal. He was a
raucous, pushy guy; quite incr[...]mpletely without charm.

Did you have Bill Hunter in mind from the start?

Yes. I wrote the script with Bill in mind. I would have been
devastated if he h[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (30)Muriel’s Wedding is a very vibrant and colourful
film in a hyper—real Way.

All that comes from the Gold[...]f what the town should look
like from the script. In fact, there are a couple of
references to its bei[...]ow. It comes at you!

How much did the Gold Coast influence the
three girlfriends being screaming you[...]ually. One sort of gets beaten up and aban-
doned on the way. [Laughs.]

The girlfriends are raucous a[...]of girls from the Gold Coast. They are absolutely
in love with themselves and certain that there is no[...]p with girls like this.

Sophie, I think, grew up in Newcastle and ran with a very
similar pack. When she came in for the audition, she said, “I want
you to know[...]nd not what you’d expect.

While the characters in Muriel’s Wedding are larger than life,
they are[...][Baz Luhrmann, 1992].

I actually went a bit easy on them. The only thing I heightened is
their dialog[...]irls aren’t
funny. They are crass without being in any way witty. I made
them witty in spite of themselves.
I bring a certain style to m[...]t?!”, but they don’t.
When we put Australians on film, even We can’t believe it.

There must be a grotesque element in the subconsciousness of
Australia which produces these characters.

It’s just cul[...]filmmakers
put those people from their experience on film.

But other cultures, like America, don’t take the same delight in
doing it. We have a sense of humour about it.

In my experience, the humour we get from these chara[...]ers that do put the extremes of American society on film, like
Robert Altman, ]im Jarmusch and Martin[...]mmakers. Whenever a foreign director
makes a film on American soil, you get a more penetrating view
of[...], but I
have certainly seen them since travelling in the U.S.

Did you have any negotiations with Bob[...]cter.
I think that’s one of the saddest moments in the film, because Bill
is at his wife’s funeral[...]a great
number of people responding to the depth inin
The Adventures of Pricilla, Queen of the Sesert [[...]are the same age. We were
teenagers when ABBA hit Australia, and this was the music we
grew up singing.

When[...]e things that Muriel
feels, and ABBA spoke for me in a very simple but direct way. I

CINEMA PA[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (31)[...]the sunshine. I think that
Muriel is very unhappy in the 19905.

When I was growing up in the ‘70s, I was unhappy. I wanted
to have grown up in the ’60s. I thought that in the ’60s I’d be
smoking lots of dope and there would be all these women who
wanted to have sex with me. In the ’70s, I felt very lonely and out-
of—date.

I thought it important for Muriel not to feel right in her time.
She has a romantic vision for herself, but she is not living in a very
romantic place or time.

Was it pleasurabl[...]n always brought me back to what a woman would do in
the circumstance, which was invaluable.

We reall[...]because the
film is done and its images are fixed in my head. They tend to wipe
away how you first tho[...]Did you and [editor] Jill Bilcock work as a team in putting it
together?

Oh, yes. In fact, we fought a lot at the very beginning, beca[...]oing. After one
big blow—up, we finally decided on the shape the film should take.
Jill and I have a[...]for days and, if all these
wonderful details are on screen, I’m happy. But Jill was actually
thinking about where we should be in the story right now.

It is really how I write. I[...]ilm is as much what you leave out
as what you put in.

Looking back, what sort of effect did Cannes have on you?

Personally, it was very fulfilling. There i[...]be one of the high points.

What about the impact on the film?

That was immense. Ciby [Sales] made sa[...]he film,
because I think there is a bit of Muriel in everybody. She is a
universal character.

What ma[...]wanted to back
the project. They really believed in it from the beginning.

Ciby invests in filmmakers. They consider themselves a direc-
tor[...]hat was your reaction to Todd McCarthy’s review in Variety
during Cannes?

It was a bit rough. I thi[...]. [Laughs.]

Is it different to Muriel’s?

Yes. In a lot of ways, I feel that Muriel’s might turn out to be
atypical of me.

I’m sort of in the script now. You’ve caught me on a good day.
It’s going quite well, so I’m fee[...]and throw it out.

Who are the people you admire in film?

There is not a director that I could name,[...]first ones that sprung to mind.
No, I love Women in Love [Ken Russell, 1969] and The Con-
formist [Il[...]feel visually overwhelmed.

You obviously believe in entertainment, because they are all very
e[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (32)[...]director John Ruane has

been making films in Melbourne for twenty

years. His most recen[...]ival.

“Melbourne's a great city to film in. It’s got

diversity of locations on its doorstep from the

desert country of Tha[...]inner city streets that could be

anywhere in Paris or New York. lt’s no accident

that we’[...]E FILM OFFICE
49 SPRING STREET
MELBOURNE VICTORIA
AUSTRALIA 3000

facilities to back us up. Why shoot[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (33)[...]des clear evidence that there is inspired
ferment in that so often marginalized area of Australian fil[...]pted by Kokkinos and Mira
Robertson, and produced in association with the Australian Film
Commi[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (34)[...]KlNOS' omv THE BRAVE.
BELOW: DIRECTOR ANA xoxxmos on SET WITH ELENA MANDALIS.

Film Festival, it won t[...]d Lon-
don. It has also been nominated to compete in the AFI Awards
categories for Best Short Fiction,[...]askanis). It is
also a rites—of—passage story in which the protagonist, Alex,
struggles to understand herself and transcend the limitations of
life in Melbourne’s western suburbs.

At first we recog[...]rls about to torch a hedge. The hedge is
engulfed in flames, burning violently out of control, silhoue[...]iring her handiwork. The warm orange glow borders on
being almost romantic — quite contradictory to[...]t of this tale.
Like the moon suspended, stranded in the dark night sky, we can
feel the apparently ir[...]ld be mistaken for the stars. The girls, laughing on
the ground, wish on a falling star that hasn’t fallen. They are
anx[...]ound

into tunnels, into darkness, into oblivion. In her dreams, Alex is
on the train, fleetingly catching sight of her lost mother. A hazy
vision of a mother in a red dress, with her child, recurs, dominat-
ing[...]Lyrical dreams and Visions, yet they are grounded in hard, cold
realities. About half-way through the film, there is a violent fight
between two ex-friends in the school toilet block. The space is
steely blue[...]sences, spectators to
the sport. Some are sitting on top of doors, legs suspended and
swinging.[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (35)[...]a song she once performed, maybe still performs.
In a moment of fantasy and yearning, Vicki puts on Alex’s
mother’s red dress and sings this song[...]Words and their construction
play a central role in other ways as
well. It is Alex’s own words (wri[...]tually hear, that become the most
powerfully felt in the film. There
are also two scenes, both at scho[...]ges when their
escaping wartime plane crash lands
on an island, and the boys are left to

36 . CINEMA[...]an erotic
passage from Anais Nin’s story,
Woman on the Dunes. It is a book
she ‘borrowed’ on trust from Kate.
Alex reads while Vicki enacts, sexu-
ally gyrating and gesturing on top of
her school desk. Kate walks in to
(discover) Alex’s betrayal, amidst
her own p[...], but
remains largely unheard, or the fight
scene in the toilet block, that has
Tammi rising from defe[...]y as well, though so much remains
forever untold. In the last image of the film, Alex walks alone
alon[...]commitment and attention, and deserves to be
seen in the broadest of possible contexts. I

THE FIGHT IN THE SCHOOL TOILET BLOCK BETWEEN ALEX AND T[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (36)[...]PRODUCER FELLOWSHIP SCHEME

$360,000 is available in amounts from $8,000 to $60,000 to enable producer[...]NG FELLOWSHIP SCHEME

Up to $125,000 is available in the form of five fellowships (of up to $15,000 each) in Australia and two fellow-
ships (of up to $25,000 each) ove[...]ication to the AFC, and an interest will be taken in proposals which are feature film oriented.[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (37)[...]EWED BY ANDREW . R A \|

CINEMA

PAPERS 101

Back in Australia after his

French-made The Favor The Watch & The Very Big Fish,

writer-director Ben Lewin has[...]orporation, Lucky Break was

shot early this year in Melbourne by DOP Vince Monton.

Ben Lewin[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (38)[...]t get Eddie out of her head. She pursues him and,
in the course of that pursuit, she breaks her leg. P[...]lot of Lucky Break as somewhat
autobiographical.

On reading a transcript of the following interview, Lewin is no longer so
sure. He believes the film has taken on its own life and that the
autobiographical influe[...]nterview, therefore, is best read as a discussion on a work in process, and

not necessarily as an analysis of a completed work.

LEFT: PLUMMETING OVER A BAL[...]tinuity to making the movie. The whole thing goes
in stop/start stages. At a certain point, there might be five ideas
onon the rails.”

Since you’re dealing with a more[...]autobiographical rites—of-passage, growing—up-in—sub-
urbia movie. It’s going to be a much mor[...]lower-
limb disability, which forces her to walk on crutches. Technically
it’s identified as[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (39)a writer, who lives much of her life in a fantasy world. It is much

more exotic and much more of a turn—on then her real world. The
film is therefore about how she has to find reality, instead of
dreams, in order to really cope with life. I don’t know how loftily
I should put it, but in another sense it’s a story about a woman’s
dr[...]e character of Sophie had become
her own person?

In my mind, she’s never entirely become her own pe[...], it’s not profoundly personal. It’s personal in the way that every
film I’ve made is personal,[...]ed his mind through reconciliation. It is a
scene in which both characters have to express quite a lot[...], that they can’t see life without each other.

In the course of this reconciliation, Sophie hits him with her
crutch. Now that is something I’ve never in my whole life
considered doing. I regard it as a[...]ouldn’t
do would have been a hindrance, because in this sort of situation
it’s clearly not me but[...]ERS 101

SOPHIE AND EDDIE (ANTHONY LAPAGLIA) LOOK ONin
the script that says she hits him with her crutch[...]question of how
personal the film is. Sure, I’m in there every moment
thinking how I would feel, how[...]lly and at a certain point is out of
my control.

In terms of the “be yourself” moral, where does[...]lse
come from? Is that something that you believe in?

Yes. It’s definitely an editorial point of vi[...]o cope with. The moral is that at a certain
point in your life you have to come to terms with what you[...]t’s also saying this character is a writer, and in
one way she is incurable!

There is a sense in which people who are physically disabled
are goin[...]bring. People
who are writers will respond to it in another way, too.

Now, I’m not trying to make[...]ndi-
capped people or writers, so there’s a way in which both those
elements are used dramatically r[...]of how writers behave.

How much humour is there in the film?

I hope it is a balance between laughin[...]t of self-mocking
humour. You classically find it in the Steady Eddie act. He has
Cerebral Palsy, and[...]akes jokes
about being a spastic. It’s about as in-your-face as you can get.
That is definitely what[...]ry clear
statement that Sophie is not a character in search of sympathy.
She doesn’t need it. She is an incredible go—getter and, in her own
way, dangerous. And the plot, to a[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (40)[...]er when I was about 10 or 1 1 years old
exploring on my crutches the neighbourhood of East Coburg,
whe[...]it slipped
and the whole of me ended up face down in the tar. It wasn’t then
terribly hot fortunatel[...]hat
it’s not an hilarious moment, even for me.

In retrospect, it was me discovering the world and I[...]is a statement of fact. I’m a Jew who was born
in Europe and I still feel a lot of connection to Eu[...]where I’ve spent a lot of time. We migrated to Australia in 1 949.
I then went to do my voyage of discovery a[...]20 years I’ve been wandering — not
wandering in search for something, but actually enjoying the
experience of having a home in more than one place. I don’t quite
know where that puts me. I’m very Australian when I’m not in
Australia.

Do the things you associate with when you were growing up
remain with you for a long time?

In that sense, yes, my norms are European norms.
Whe[...]things”.
For example, drunkenness never existed in my family.

But humour does, I presume.
Yes.

Eur[...]nd glorified comedic
tradition. Did you ever feel in this film, because it is
out and out a romantic c[...]ink I’ve come away from that a bit. I know
that in my earlier stuff it was kind of full-on folksy,
with European—like symbols. You could s[...]no [Jane
Campion, 1993]. As far as I know, no one in the world out there
has called it an “unmistaka[...]an, or any damn thing. It really does seem to sit in
a place ofits own, because it’s not attempting[...], the laconic understatement that Paul Hogan uses in Croco-
dile Dundee [Peter Faiman, 1986] is highly[...]e?

I wanted to ask you about an overview comment on filmmaking.
‘What is the challenge and reward in making a film?

I don’t know how informative or[...]ing else. It was a great joy to have it published in the Dingo
Lane literary society rag and al[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (41)Writing screenplays has now taken on a completely different
complexion in that, every time I have to make a decision to wri[...]d investment for the next three years of my life.
In the old days, my preoccupation with a subject was[...]a gun for hire, but
the more you want to succeed in anything the more you have to
become one, in some way or another.

At the same time, compared[...]he’d say, “I’ve
never had such a nightmare in my whole fucking life.”

All right, but presuma[...]ularly if you
have children and mortgages, and so on. But there are moments
when you are able to step[...]ing is a bit the same. When you count the moments
in filmmaking which are observably creative moments,[...]elles. He said directing
is just this biggest lie in the world. They all think it’s difficult, but
i[...]ean, I can’t believe that when Orson Welles was in the
thick of making Touch of Evil that he had thi[...]earted
attitude of “Hey, it’s the easiest job in the world. Everyone’s
doing it for me.” He sa[...]people. [See box.]

There is an element of truth in that, but it’s only true if you
don’t really[...]led? You don’t eliminate it, you incorporate it in your life.
Your dealing with it means that you su[...]wo here and
there. I haven’t been disadvantaged in the long term. Who knows
what you miss out on if you don’t know what it is.

On the other hand, I’d say that being a writer is[...]s (series) — creator, a director

1986 Adam’s Australia (documentary, UK)

1987 A Matter of Convenience ([...]n) — writer

, ORSON wELL£.s..oN DIRECTING, A
The quote, le,/vvin refe§;,.app,ears if

V (Welles Storyflesiielviegahey, /to§_;,}/,.s ,
in 1.9s2.1'1:.oc;u;gd;zj;i;.g..g €li$C§1SSiOI‘z(/J/I1,§7€l es’
((1968),), in Wefieslplays {If A W I

j/sleegwith if

r,f[...]very tenipti1ig,,tar,siee /
[gzsja ;(;,,d.,,;,,_,p . H I

a directorgfes. He is a kind of di1‘e,<[...]Bogdanovich, states the

documentary went to air in 1980, but the copyright on the programme
is 1982.

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (42)[...]Kine Recording
— the next instalment

Following on last issue's survey of digital film transfers com[...]“top—end” digital film transfers of-
fered in Sydney, which are mainly aimed at the
television/[...]ns: for example, video
footage to be incorporated in film productions.
Two current examples at Cinevex[...]sion “Wheel of For-
tune” show to be included in the feature Angel
Baby, and stunt footage from mi[...]effects, fast cutting,
and very little that dwelt on the screen long
enough for me to properly assess[...]but not crushed. There was still good gradation
in the shadows. With the rich blacks came
strong col[...]quite invisible — that should go without
saying in any modern kine transfer — but it was
still pos[...]” effect of the
television line image structure in gradually slop-
ing lines. As a result — I susp[...]veloped the
system together with Lemac — shoots on 16mm
negative stock, but, if demand for 35mm grow[...]e interpolation, through frame
stores rather than in real time, but the system
delivers images in not much less than real time.
lt’s all at 25 fr[...]s one frame of film. lt’s tempting to
speculate on what techniques Cinevex have
used, but no[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (43)[...]echniqueofawooden clapper
and rubber edge numbers on the sprocketed
sound tapes worked well enough in simpler
times, butthe mechanics of marrying up the film
and audio tracks at rushes and keeping them in
sync during the edit have always been a bit
clums[...].

After several phases of development, Aaton‘s
in—camera timecode system now seems to be a
soluti[...]the system may at last realize its
full potential in Australia.

The system works in three stages: on the
set, syncing during telecine transfer, and trans-
ferring shot data into a post-production sys-
tem.

On the set, timecode generators in the cam-
era, the sound recorder and any others a[...]eckerboard pattern into each frame of nega-
tive (on 16mm between the perforations; on
35mm outside the perfs and opposite the manu-
fac[...]M TIMECODE.

-‘,w>.6m;.~»«»s§u« ‘ ‘ -

on any frame, with
no need at all of a
clapperboard.[...]ke number, etc? Optionally, that can be en-
tered on a portable computer, or the BVE Log-
ger — a ha[...]e video camera which reads the dot
matrix pattern on the film. The Keylink compu-
ter system and the telecine behave as masters,
and the sound, in a Sony 7030 DAT recorder/
player, slaves in “chase” mode. At the start of
each take (identified automatically on the film,
as the timecode starts at a new value),[...]le the DAT shuttles to find the
matching timecode on audio. Once located, the
two machines roll, with the DAT locked in sync
to the image being transferred.

Usually, editors will require video timecode
in addition to the films time—of-day code. This,[...]nthe Keylink
system, is stored, together with the on-film data
and other data entered either by the transfer
operator or from the database created on set, in
Aaton Keylink computer logs. These files can
be t[...]all of the logging
information can also be burnt in to up to 11
windows on the videotapes, and a limited amount
can be encoded into the user bits of the VITC
timecode recorded on the videotape.

Atlab‘s view is that the Aaton[...]Ps
choosing to shoot Aaton purely for convenience
in post-production (although there are many
other re[...]n still be
used effectively even without timecode-on-film.

THE KIT FOR AATDN KEYLINK LOGGING. CLOCKWI[...]AATDN XTR CAMERA; MONITOR SHOWING AATDN TIMEGODE
ON FILM: LAPTOP COMPUTER RUNNING SHOTLISTER FOR ON-SET
SCRIPT LOGGING; COMPUTER RUNNING KEYLI[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (44)[...]this acclaimed book

Published by Allen 8: Unwin
in association with the Australian Film Commi[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (45)[...]eanine Seawell, Peter Sykes, Bernardo
Bertolucci, In Search OfAnna.

NUMBER I4 (OCTOBER I977]

Phil No[...]Jacki Weaver, Carlos
Saura, Peter Ustinov, women in drama,
Monkey Grip.

NUMBER 38 (JUNE I982)

Geoff[...]eremy Irons,
Eureka Stockade, Waterfront, The Boy In
The Bush,A Woman Suffers, Street Hero.

NUMBER 47[...]an
Thompson, Paul Verhoeven, Derek
Meddings, tie«in marketing, The Right-
Hand Man, Birdsville.

NUMB[...]nchard—Smith, John Hargreaves,
Dead-End Drive—In, The More Things
Change, Kangaroo, Tracy.

NUMBER[...]man Polanski, Philippe
Mora, Martin Armiger, film in South
Australia, Dogs In Space, Howling III.

NUMBER 62 (MARCH I987)

Scre[...]ler, Jim
Jarmusch, Soviet cinema— Part I, women
in film, shooting in 70mm, filmmaking
in Ghana, The Year My Voice Broke,
Send A Gorilla.[...]Pleasure Domes.

NUMBER 70 (NOVEMBER I988)

Film Australia, Gillian Armstrong,

Fred Schepisi, Wes Craven, J[...]UARY I989)

Yahoo Serious, David Cronenberg, 1988
in Retrospect, Film Sound , Last Temp-
tation of Chr[...]UMBER 74 (JULY I989)
The Delinquents, Australians in
Hollywood, Chinese Cinema, Philippe

Mora,[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (46)[...], Sergio Corbucci obituary.

NUMBER 83 (MAY 1991)
Australia at Cannes, Gillian Armstrong:
The Last Days at Ch[...]r Louise; Independent Exhibition and
Distribution in Australia, FFC Part ll.

NUMBER 86 (JANUARY 1992)
Overview[...]ski, Gianni Amelio interview,
Christopher Lambert in Fortress, Film-
Literature Connections, Teen Movi[...]io Mangiamele,
Cultural Differences and Ethnicity in
Australian Cinema, ]0hn Franl<enheimer’s

Year[...]ler and Gross Miscon-
duct; David Elfick’s Love in Limbo, On
The Beach, Australia’s First Films.

NUMBER 92 (APRIL 1993)

Yahoo S[...]son and Alex; ]ean—]acques’s The
Lover, Women in film and television.
Australia’s First Films Part 2.

NUMBER 93 (MAY 1993)

Au[...]EMBER 1993)
Queensland issue: An overview of film in
Queensland, Early Queensland cinema,
Jason Donova[...]ision at the
— UCLA film and television archive in the U.S.
are now available for sale in Australia. Edited by Scott
Murray, and with extensively researched articles by
several of Australia’s leading writers on film and televi-
sion, such as Kate Sands, Women[...]ge and packaging.

SEE OVER PAGE
FOR SUBSCRIPTION &

ORDER FORNI

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (47)[...]RSEAS ORDERS SHOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY
BANK DRAFTS IN AUSTRALIAN DOLLARS ONLY Signature
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (48)[...]ode slates, where
the audio timecode is displayed on an elec-
tronic slate, frozen when the clapper is[...]t editor (or
telecine operator) to read it. Typed in at the
telecine transfer stage, this is enough in[...]changes
some of the traditional responsibilities. On set,
it is now the sound recordist who has sole
r[...]lapperboard, it's hard for the camera crew to
get in on the act. In post-production, syncing
has always been possible at telecine, but usu-
ally is left until afterwards in a restriping opera-
tion, often at the post—production facility. In the
automated “chase sync” operation, the ma-[...]videotape and computers, there’s less
and less in post-production that is recognizably
film equipme[...]he Aaton XTR super 16 camera,
an amazingly small, on-board sound recording
system, using Sony Microdat cassettes. This
records timecode on one track, and a single
channel of digital sound on the other, with up to
60 minutes of sound in one postage stamp-
sized cassette. Given one soun[...]DAT cartridges — “They’re too
easy to tread on” — the biggest technological
problem with thi[...]l be
the ease with which it will fall down cracks in the
floor.

Miller Professional Products complete[...]e
Jib. Rosco and Mediavision provided the choices
in lighting, while Audio Services Corporation
had an[...]ly Com-

THE SONY MICRDDAT CASSETTE FITS INTO THE ON-BOARD
RECORDER IN THE AATON XTR CAMERA FDR ONE-MAN-BAND
SHOOTING.[...]m not attempting a review of the SMPTE
exhibition in these columns— logically, the point of
an exhib[...]rofessional marketplace. At the first SMPTE
show, in 1984, all three Sydney labs (then
Colorfilm, Cine[...]u’re reading
this column, you're probably still on the bridge,
too. But the technology has become an end in
itself for more people than it used to be.

The SMPIE Conference

As well as the exhibition, the SMPTE show in-
cluded a four—day conference. The first day, h[...]arate seminar at the Australian Film Tel-
evision & Radio School (AFTRS), focused on
some of the production implications of high-defin[...]nstrations of
the European 1250 system, projected in the AFTRS’
main theatre, showed superb quality,[...]ar that, come the year 2000, live
sports coverage in wide-screen and high-definition,
with stereo soun[...]itorium full of fans,
could have a serious impact on ticket sales for the
real events of the Sydney Ol[...]hrough a
simple and quite understandable tutorial on MPEG
compression techniques (no mean achievement)[...]Mould — the Treatment of 26 million feet of wet &
mouldy film” given by Michael Newnham of the
National Film and Sound Archive; to some detailed
papers on set lighting techniques and equipment.
The confer[...]the papers have been collected and
are published in a bound volume. Copies are
available from Belinda Loveridge, at Expertise
Event, on (O2) 976 3245.

CINEMA PAPERS 101- 49

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (49)[...]FERENCE, IS REPRODUCED HERE BY PERMISSION

OF THE AUSTRALIA (NORTH) SECTION OF SMPTE.]

DOMINIC CASE

This is[...]ooking
specifically at the recent massive changes in
film production and post-production. Non-linear
editing has been adopted in the film and video
industry faster than any compa[...]n, and I believe that it has had a greater effect
on production and post-production methods
even than[...]el technologies?

Parallel technologies are going in the same
direction but they never meet or even ap[...]iverses, buttheinhabitants of
each universe exist in complete ignorance of
the others. This has been t[...]l developed, using (sometimes)
similar technology in slightly different applica-
tions. Each industry,[...]rea, or imported
a bit of equipment normally used in another
industry, there has been surprisingly lit[...]o-
ple discovered that they could manage pictures
on their screens as well as lines of text.

80 now, in an ever-wider range of technolo-
gies, people are discovering that they are in-
deed set on the same course as others in
previously unrelated areas. In many cases,
what is remarkable is not so much the similari-
ties, but the differences that have evolved in the
cultures of these parallel industries, which[...]s to be a
collision. lt’s unlikely to be head—on, but there
still has to be an impact. That’s where Sir Isaac
Newton comes in with his Third Law, and the
title of this paper. To every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction.

In fact, the principle is well illustrated by
Newton[...]r end ofthe cra-
dle another ball goes flying out in reaction.

This is how the collision between comp[...]EPING THE BABY, As I1’

EL

editing, resulting in a change of direction in
both. Action leads to reaction.

Only the most fe[...]nology, stor-
ing half an hour’s worth of image on one disk
drive the size of a paperback book, seem[...]the freeze-frame”. So far, we
have concentrated on a brief close-up view of
the main action: the new[...]deep and serious
concerns about what is happening in production.
Let's look at a few instances.

THE V[...]iscovered that one of the
biggest technical costs in a production is the
cost of the work print[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (50)[...]ow was the exposure, and
will the close-ups grade in with the wide shots
when the answer print comes up? With the best
will inON THE SKILLS, OF
INHERITING THE CULTURE, IS COMPROM[...]disadvantaged. The traditional rushes screen-
ing in a theatre at the end ofthe next day’s shoot
simply doesn't work on a video monitor, or even
a video projector. There[...]nings any more, with the resultant loss of
morale on the entire production.

Of course, non—linear e[...]esting that we should forgo
the advantages gained in editing in order to

1H

resolve difficulties in the camera department.
The industry has to find w[...]More
enlightened telecine transfers, with reports on
the grading corrections applied, in a language
that makes sense to cinematographers,[...]most Hollywood productions
still use work prints in conjunction with non-
linear editing systems. The[...]ntially reduced foot-
age to be digitized, saving on expensive memory
and reducing non—linear editing time. It seems
to be just in Australia that the new systems are
adopted primarily as a money—saver.

TRAINING ISSUES Back in the editing room, an-
other side effect has arisen. In non—linear edit-
ing, as with most systems, the[...]e-keeping, leaving the editor free to
concentrate on creative decisions. Fine. There’s
work for an a[...]d TV
Insurance Underwriting Agency

We Specialise in Insurance for:
Film Producers Indemnity (C[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (51)cause non-linear editing systems are mounted
on a personal computer, there's only room for
one person at a time, so the assistant has to
come in at night to do this. But after digitizing,
there[...]parison. Some years
ago, colour—grading systems in laboratories were
computerized. There is still a[...]reliably. So, there are no trainee graders.
Back in those days, every grader had once
been a grading[...]nd job and,
before long, with no one to pass them on to, the
skills will be lost.

So, when leadingfil[...]mselves how to
edit. But the mechanism of passing on the skills,
of inheriting the culture, is comprom[...]. It provides wonderful detail of a
single moment in time, but while we are study-
ing it, the world is moving on. There's not much
of a story if we don't consider what is going to
happen in the next few frames.

GETTING IT RIGHT Of course, non-linear editing
wasn't adopted in film production in isolation of
other developments. The introduction[...]me code, made
the actual match-back possible. But in actual
practice, negative matching to video or compu-
ter edits is a headache. In theory it's simple: film

52 - CINEMA PAPERS 101[...]y num-
bers, video is meas-
ured frame-by—frame
in time code: it
shouldn't be any harder than conver[...]uble is a lot
of odd-ball techniques have evolved in video
editing and in film cutting that don't really take
account of th[...]al warp ortime
tunnel. Curiously, the ones caught in the middle
of the warp are the negative matchers.[...]ional film handling. Yet they find
themselves now in the role of the ferryman,
bridging the technologi[...]n lead to miscut
negative, and the wrong pictures on the screen. It
has happened, on a number of productions, and
of course negative c[...]n a few instances that I've come
across recently. In one production, the director
shifted from 25 to 2[...]g takes for a second,
fully-graded transfer later on. Why should the
camera department need to worry about post-
production methods? In fact, though, the 24-to-
25 problem, where there[...]solutions,
but there is too much room for someone in the
long production chain to misunderstand.

In another case, short loads of raw stock
were wound[...]out the cut-back shot

CURIOUSLY, THE ONES CAUGHT IN THE MIDDLE OF THE
WARP ARE THE NEGATIVE MATCHERS.[...]n't mention: it's easy to run the
same shot twice in video, but a little harder in
film, where a dupe negative has to be made
before either shot is cut in. And they've all
suffered from the speed change,[...]te — that's not the point I'm
making. I'm fully in favour of non-linear editing
for the reasons I've already given. But, in
adopting the new methods, we have to take
care of[...]es the director a chance
to see the cut projected on a cinema screen, in
film quality and dimensions, and the editor a
cha[...]usiness,
and they don’t have an immediate check on the
quality oftheir processing. One possible cons[...]oubt if that
scenario would be welcomed by anyone in the
film industry — and not many on the video side
either.

These are some ofthe phys[...]ms up the position well: “There are
more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than
are dreamt of in your philosophy." The film
industry has evolved o[...]ogy to one area will
have noticeable consequences in many oth-
ers. Consider all the implications before you
decide on a production plan. There are more
alternat[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (52)[...]of everything. From rushes to neg.

ii)

Avid to Australia we set about ( matching. Daily budget and
refinin[...]d, apart
i‘ f‘ '

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Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (53)[...]their 20th birthdays this year: now
there is AAV Australia Pty Ltd.

Ted Gregory, Chief Executive of AAV, says:

When AAV was established in 1974, the
electronic communications industry was in
its infancy. No one predicted the speed and
force[...]log
video was state of the art. Today, we operate
in the digital domain enabling multi-layering
and do[...]ame quality and integrity as
the original image.

In many ways, AAV has been a major inno-
vator in a complex industry, developing such
new technologies as:

- The first computerized video editing sys-
tem in the PAL world, five years before any
Australian t[...]is Telecine Enhancement System
has been installed in the U.S., UK, Europe,
Asia and Australia

- Brat videodisc programme controller

- Satlink[...]bles the remote recording of television news
for in—flight entertainment services.

Gregory:

The electronic communications industry is
constantly riding on the wave of change and,
as AAV has diversified fr[...]e and ad-
vanced post-production network,
centred inin
programme post work can be at-
tributed to a combination of state-
of—the—art equipment housed in
excellent facilities, as well as ex-
perienced cr[...]ith non-linear video. It is the first of its
type in Australia. David Flint, Manager of AAV
Video Services, adds[...]d systems.

The dSP will provide waveform editing on
all 16 tracks as well as audio time compres-
sion[...]rgest video duplication business, with
facilities in Melbourne, Auckland and, shortly,
Sydney.

AAV Bu[...]produces
a wide range of creative communications in
multi-image, film, video, animation, interactive[...]sonnel for audiovisual presentations of any
size, in Australia or overseas.

Other recent developments include the in-
stallation (in 1992) of the Rank URSA digital
telecine and grading system, and (in 1993) the
50 per cent purchase of Victorian Film[...]the 1994 launch of Satlink technology
for Ansett Australia, AAV Australia has reached
its 20th anniversary in dramatic style. I

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Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (55)Australiain Sydney and several brought up from Melbourne were[...]register the nation’s first production company
on 30 January 1901, The Australian Kinematogr[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (56)[...]ing Act demands that

50.000 Votes must be Polled in Favor

FACTS AND FABLES

MOTE FGR[...]tended the official Federation ceremony, at
which Australia’s first film approaching feature
length was sho[...]ost of the
federation coverage survives, released on the NFSA videocassette
Federation Films as recent[...]uous film
presentation — longer, more important in content, more widely
shown, and more lasting in its effect on our production industry.

THE PATH T0 FEDERATION[...]enda to approve a Federal Constitu-
tion, Western Australia being the last to give its approval on 31

July 1900.7

Queen Victoria gave her assent to Australian Federation on 9
July 1900*‘, and nine days later it was announced that Australia’s
first Governor-General would be the Queen’s[...]oined during an
unprecedented day’s celebration in Sydney. A triumphal military and
civic procession[...]anned to culminate at
Centennial Park. There, set in a natural amphitheatre with room for
multitudes o[...]age for the final act of Federation, the swearing-in of
Australia’s first Governor—General and Federal Cabinet.[...]Organising
Committee to a design by Varney Parkes in a special plaster and
sugar cane fibre compositio[...]0 local and imported Empire defence forces joined in the
procession — no mean logistical feat while the Boer War and
Boxer Rebellion were still in progress. 2,000 British troops from
such élite r[...]ers, Scots, Hussars and Fusiliers mostly
came out on the s.s. Britannia, their first visit since the with-
drawal of British forces from these colonies in 1870.9 A further
100 members of the Indian Native military were dispatched per
s.s Dalhousie on their first official visit to our shores.” All[...]Lyne’s New South Wales Government was prominent in
the staffing and financing of these committees, t[...]-financing. None of
their records seem to survive in the archives of New South Wales
or the Australian Commonwealth.” This article is based on
surviving details in press reports and on J. J. Keenan’s official
book on the Inaugural Celebration” published in 1904 by the
New South Wales Government Pri[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (57)Left: Earl of Hopetoun (1860-1908), who was sworn in as Australia’s first Governor-
General onin Sydney on 1
January 1901, and appeared prominently in the coverage.

COMMISSIONING THE FEDERATION FILM

Late in October 1 900, the theatre manager J. C. Williams[...]atrical” sectional commit-
tee”, and to serve on the central Organising Committee of the
Commonwea[...]r The City of Zero”, at Her Majesty’s Theatre in
Sydney.

On 12 November 1900, The Sydney Morning Herald reported:

CINEMATOGRAPH PICTURES: On more than one occasion the
Premier [Lyne] has bee[...]t event as the
inauguration ofthe Commonwealth of Australia by having a series of
cinematograph pictures taken of the procession as it passed certain
commanding points in the city, as well as views of the manoeuvres of
t[...]ngness of the Government to give every
assistance in procuring such pictures. He is prepared to have plat-
forms erected in suitable positions along the route of the process[...]be given to record the
brilliant military pageant in the Centennial Park [on 3 January 1901].
Although no official communication has been received on the subject,
it is understood that prominent cine[...]reproductions of, at
least, the leading features in the procession be obtained””.

The tender to[...]r Baker
SC Rouse, acting as commercial agents for Australia’s only
corporate film producer of the time, the[...]the
Cross” had just been completed and a
hiatus in its exhibition caused by Herbert
Booth falling il[...]ntly supplied the Department with
raw film stock. In return, the Limelight
Department used Baker 86 Ro[...]d manufactures. For example, from
July 1900 Baker & Rouse sold the “Tri—
umph” gas-producing li[...]The relationship between these two organizations on the
making of the Federation film was clarified b[...]Overall charge ofthe ‘newsreel’ coverage was in the competent hands
of Major Perry, of the Salvation Army, this officer having long been
a pioneer in the field of motion pictures for record and propaganda
purposes [...]2‘

A further report on the filming by the Sydney Mail of 26
January 1901[...]taken
by two officers [sic] of the Salvation Army on Commonwealth
Day”27. Clearly, although Baker 86[...]t also processed and printed the film afterwards,
in Melbourne.”

By 22 December 1900, Baker SC Rous[...]o facilitate filming. Their positions were listed in a
24 December 1 900 letter from the Government Pr[...]Martin Place, opposite the Stamp Branch Entrance on
the front of the General Post Office.

(3) At Park Street, about 20 yards East of the Commonwealth
Arch on the North side of the street.

(4) At the corner[...]o the Mint.

(5) Near the steps to the Swearing—in Pavilion at Centennial Park.

The expense lavished on these high platforms to guarantee an
unobstructed View for the cameras emphasizes the importance
placed on the film. Only the last three vantage points are
indicated in the final list of film components offered for sal[...]s it was not subsequently advertised or mentioned
in reviews.

Lumiere Cinématographe cameras[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (58)equipment on loan from the stock of Baker 85 Rouse.

The camer[...]Army Limelight Department, had conveniently been in
Sydney for the week prior to Commonwealth Day at[...]ry. The city camera positions at the Treasury
and in Park Street by the Citizens’ Arch were probably[...]een
the camera stations by unconventional means:

In order to ensure the Major’s swift passage from[...]cording to their means and
requirements, appeared in The Australasian Photographic Review
on 23 January 1 90 1 (p. 25 ). Additional details have been noted from
th[...]the Treasury’s eastern entrance.

Around 9 a.m. on 1 January 1901, the 15,000—strong proces-
sion marshalled in the Domain in reverse order of precedence. It
travelled north u[...]west into Bridge Street. The movie camera high up on the
Treasury at this corner recorded its passage.[...]” reel 5:

“A” REEL 1:200 mounted policemen in full dress uniform lead the head
of the processio[...]aman guarding a statue representing the
spirit of Australia; 30 mounted stockmen and shearers from the
Austra[...]: Mounted New South Wales Lancers with emu plumes in
their slouch hats; New South Wales Infantrymen recently returned
from the Boer War in varied uniform. Some members of the Sudan
Contingent of 1 885 are seen “in mufti” towards the end. Meanwhile,
Hopetoun’s[...]ictoria’s

Above left: Hopetoun’s carriage on its way to
Centennial Park on 1 January 1901 in Park Street,
having just passed under the Citizen[...]-
tive Arch. The second movie camera position was in
the distance on the right, with the camera trained on
the passageway in the Arch.

Above: Looking north up Macquarie Street from
Parliament House, Sydney, on Commonwealth
Celebration Day. The procession of 1[...]ge point, including the
vast temporary grandstand on the right.

Far left: The route of the procession on Federation
Day.

Left: The gates of Government Ho[...]Day. The first movie camera position was
high up on the Treasury, at extreme left. Hopetoun
ca[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (59)[...]ovie camera
platform built to record the ceremony in

on the lower right of this photograph. The
cameraman appears to bending over,
replacing a film magazine on the camera.

Above right: Frames from the Federat[...]un leading the
Vice-Regal suite into the Swearing-in
Pavilion at Centennial Park (see filmogra—
phy reference “C” Reel 2). Originally
published in Australasian Photographic
Review, January 1951, p. 12.

Left: Staff Captain Robert Sandall of the
S[...]t the actual
moment of Federation at the Swearing-in

40 bluejackets of their Naval Contingent (many were absent at the
Boxer Rebellion in China). 196 Artillerymen and Rangers of Victo-
ria’s recently-returned First Boer War Contingent in parade kit.
Smaller ambulance and service corps ([...]men, 30 Artillerymen, Victorian Scottish Regiment in kilts, Engineers
(cuts). Mounted colonial Lancers[...]and Pipers, First New Zealand Boer War Contingent on their
way home glimpsed distantly (cuts). 52 Indian Native Cavalry in
turbans. 54 feet (54 seconds).

“A” REEL 4: R[...]wards to the gates of Government House
with crowd in foreground greeting Hopetoun’s first appearance
before joining the parade in his open carriage with a NSW Lancer
Escort of men[...]”, who were the first
Australians to see action in the Boer War (cuts). Cavalry officer in Life
Guards uniform follows, possibly Colonel W.[...]SERIES: Taken from the north side of Park Street in Hyde Park,

some 20 metres east of the intersecti[...]reet. Camera
gives a fixed view of the passageway in the Citizens’ Arch.
After passing west along Br[...]ial Park.

60 . CINEMA PAPERS 101

the Swearing—in Pavilion can be clearly seen

Taken at Centennial[...]ment ministers and judges. Carriage
with four men in powdered wigs probably has
Justices Owen, Simpson[...]ute 15 seconds).

“B” REEL 3: Royal Engineers in wagon-borne pon-
toon back from South Africa; sec[...]ps, 10 Royal Army Medical Corps, 4 Army Chaplains in dog
collars, 6 men of Army Ordnance and Pay Depar[...]of Imperial Contingent. 52_Indian
Native Cavalry in turbans, including Bengal and Bombay Lancers. 48[...]y, or possibly the end of the Tasmanian
Infantry (in khaki); Western Australian Mounted Rifles, senio[...]nds)
survives.

“C” SERIES: Near the Swearing-in Pavilion at Centennial Park. Swear-
ing-in of First Governor-General and First Federal Cabinet recorded
in considerable detail, from a variety of vantage po[...]un leading Vice-Regal party towards the Swearing-
in Pavilion down the red carpet flanked by sailors[...]and Colonial soldiers. Admiral Pearson follows up in the rear
as the band plays the National Anthem an[...]EL 2: Same vantage point, but with camera trained on the
Pavilion steps. Sydney’s Anglican Archbishop William Saumarez
Smith waits in Pavilion. Hopetoun shakes hands with a Premier’[...]EL 3: Pavilion interior, from foot of entry steps on west side. Shot
1: dignitaries move into position[...]he Federated Commonwealth. Barton
and Deakin look on. Shot 4: NSW Premier Lyne sworn in to Federal

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (60)[...]EL 4: Pavilion entry steps from elevated platform on south-west
side. 2:30 p.m.: the end of the ceremony. Naval and Military l[...]Review of 10,000 Empire Troops at Centennial Park on 3
January 1 901 , a gesture of gratitude to Boer[...]feet (approx.) taken survive. They were assembled
on Federation Films with the assistance of military[...]French (com-
manding NSW forces) and an ADC, all on horseback, break ranks to
go to the Saluting Base[...]and ADC at Saluting Base, NSW

Lancers file past in review, wide shot from elevated camera platform.[...]French and Hopetoun at Saluting Base, VIPs
seated in temporary grandstand built on south side of Grand Drive in
the background. Camera has been taken down from c[...](21
seconds).

“D” REEL 4: Colonial Infantry in khaki South African field kit, taken

from elevat[...]rm looking south-east. 1 0,000 troops can
be seen on the distant slopes, mustering in squares. The Permanent
Artillery of the Australian States approach with sunlight glinting on
their bayonets as the reel closes. 40 feet (40 se[...]f close view of Saluting Base, Hopetoun
prominent in the uniform of the Commander—In—Chief of Australia’s
forces onin the distance. 25 feet (25
seconds).

EXHIBITING n[...]ydney for its
premiere at Her Majesty’s Theatre on 1.9 January 1901, in
conjunction with J. C. Williamson’s patriotic pantomime,
Australis. 38 Set in the year 2001 during whimsical Sydney federal
cen[...]ld emphasized the film’s extraordi-
nary length on the day of its premiere: “More than 1,000 feet[...]lm presented special difficulties:

The print was in the possession of the Government Printer and was[...]bought the rights to show the Federation coverage in
Queensland, touring and lecturing with them for s[...]than 100 feet would place excessive back-tension on the
intermittent advancing claw, ripping the film[...]ons of the modern type to fit these

CONTINUES ON PAGE 78

CINEMA PAPERS 101 . 61

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (61)[...]n cinema and about
issues of a gay—themed genre in particular.

One genre that this film clearly nods its head
at is that of the road movie, especially in its
buddy-pic guise. No amount of sequins and
fal[...]perhapsasmallamount ofsou|—
searching) assured. in this aspect, Priscilla is
true to its intentions: it captures nicely the
freedom and the tension that life on the road
can bring, especially when characters wi[...]attend to also.
Hugo Weaving plays Tick, or Mitzi in his ‘fe-
male’ role, to whom the trip represe[...]thertwo. It transpires Mitzi has a wife and child
in Alice, a situation which brings its own amount
of[...]his own kind, Mitzi admits that his sexuality is in
doubt — indeed, is almost non-existent. What
isn't in doubt, however, is his love of drag.

Terence Sta[...]lm with much of its
humour as they negotiate life in cramped quar-
ters on the bus “Priscilla”, and amid the hostile
env[...]decision to become queens of the road
places them in direct conflict with this land, and
it is this co[...]tural
engagement, however, the film easily relies on
stereotype and caricature that doesn't treat ei-[...]h respect or understanding.

It is when they come in conflict with the
inhabitants of this land that Priscilla becomes
an interesting commentary on character, par-
ticularly when the main character[...]ns. Priscilla enforces the notion that we
are all in drag, all our lives, yet the film also
suggests that men in female drag are superior
to women in female drag (and even in male
drag). One butch and unattractive woman in a
country pub is belittled and out-done by the
qu[...]culinity (Bernadette easily out-drinks her), and,
in another outstandingly misogynist scene, an
Asian[...]nes. The idea of their being outsiders
and aliens in a strange land is both reinforced
and upset in this scene, as in their own way they
‘conquer’ what they survey[...]ps and
bounds beyond the concept of drag espoused
in Priscilla. It is a shame that the whats and
whys of camp and drag are never questioned in
this film, and left at the level of outrageous
Co[...]nything other than such would be to over-
indulge in analyzing it (see interview in this
issue of Cinema Papers.) However, when a
man is dressed in take breasts, pancake make-
up, a frock and high[...]as such
plays a complex and often ambiguous role in its
politics. Elliott has stated that the gay com[...]on Priscilla, but perhaps he has
assumed too much in overlooking the fact that

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (62)[...]d engaged more thoughtfully with
certain elements in the film, the end product
would have had more tex[...]interviews with Stephan Elliott
and Terence Stamp in this issue. Also, see Jan
Epstein's review of the film in “47e Festival Interna-
tional du Film, Cannes",[...]man). Polygram
Filmed Entertainment presentation, in association with
the Australian Film Finance Corp[...]stralian distribu-
tor: Roadshow. 35mm. 102 mins. Australia. 1994.

BAD BOY BUBBY

ANNA DZENIS

‘‘It seem[...]35-year-old adult/
child who has been kept locked in a basement-
like bunker by his “Mom" (Claire Be[...]ng him. She had told him that you
can’t breathe on the “outside” and wears a
gasmask every time[...]til she returns. Forthe first
20 minutes, we stay in this Dickensian squalor,
on a Beckett—|ike minimalist stage. After 35
years[...]f Bubby’s life - “Pop” finally
returns and, in a version of the Oedipus myth,
comes between moth[...]und Gott Gegen A/le, Germany, 1974).
What it has in common with those films is a
central character wh[...]ted through
people’s reactions to the character in the broth-
er’s care, an alien on his unplanned journey of
discovery. There is also[...]there are many
lessons for him to learn. Writing in Variety,
David Stratton says, “Using Bubby as a kind of
a sponge, De Heer is able to comment on many
aspects of contemporary society in a totally
uncompromising manner. Among those like[...]bodily fetishes, police brutality, and vio-
lence in custody are all part of Bubby’s experi-
ences,[...]pe’s astonishing performance,
that has resulted inin a lunatic, dramatic, staccato way, something
remi[...]hing and desires. His band even
performs bound up in cling-wrap. The Bubby
only a mother could love has become every-
one’s heart’s desire.

In the film's very happy ending, Bubby mar-
ries his[...]not for Bubby?

Notes

1 HQ, ]uly—August 1994, p. 82.

2 Rolling Stone, July 1994, p. 96.

3 Variety, 13 September 1993, p. 35.
4 Director’s statement in press kit.

Further reading: See interview[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (63)Nicholas Hope in this issue. Also, see Peter Moran's
review in “50a Mostra del Cinema di Venezia”, Cin-
ema[...]e Australian Film
Finance Corporation. Australian distributor:
Roadshow. 35mm. 112 mins. Australia. 1994.

COUNTRY LIFE

MONICA ZETLIN

Amidst the recent crop of Australian films
such as Murie/’s Wedding (P. J. Hogan),
The Sum ofUs(Kevin Dowling and Geoff[...]rating our national cinema (and
overseas interest in it) comes a film with rela-
tively ‘big’ name[...]y so. The immediate reaction to this film
depends on what one thinks of that once old
standby of our national cinema in the 19703, the
period drama, and it cannot help b[...]mpact of the val-
ues and viewpoints of ‘old’ Australia — i.e., colo-
nial British — on ‘new’ Australia —the people who
have forged lives from an alien[...]t after World War I, the film starts with
a scene in which Max Askey (Sam Neill), as the
local doctor,[...]rry Fox), and his mother
Maud (Patricia Kennedy). In their large home-
stead, which has obviously seen better days,
they fuss amongst the house help in their nerv-
ous anticipation of the arrival of Al[...]emore, also the director), Uncle
Jack’s brother-in-law, and his new wife, Deborah
(Greta Scacchi). T[...]101

Bernard Shaw (a fact
which keeps Uncle Jack
in a state of excitement),
and where he married
the[...]young girl, when
he left to find fame and fortune in England after
her mother died. Sally is a battler[...]young woman. Not related, but just as impor-
tant in this ensemble cast, are the figures ofthe
doctor[...]obvious tensions which underpin the film,
albeit in an unsatisfactory and largely
unengaging way. Ale[...]l of
the Australian condition, and of his brother-in-
law’s struggle to keep the homestead going. It[...]up
to be, and, while Uncle Jack may be a bit slow
on the uptake, he finally comes to this climactic
re[...]new family, but
yet strangely attracted to it — in particular, to the
charms of Max, whom, unbeknown[...]enough sexual and politi-
cal cross-firing going on in the family to fuel the
symbolic interchange of co[...]o-
nized.

It is interesting to consider the film in two
lights: the arguments surrounding what consti[...]dds to the double bind
that the film finds itself in: while seemingly an

JACK DICKENS (JOHN HARGREAVE[...]ds up coming across as particularly Anglo-
Celtic in its outlook and construction. The the-
atricality of the thematic concerns is overplayedz
‘new’ Australia (as represented by the national-
istic doctor) ba[...]n, her interest to
the viewer along with her role in the film wanes.
With such a collection of obvious[...]is
hard not to thinkthat they are somewhat wasted
in this film. John Hargreaves’ performance,
while[...]aring at first, provides one of
the few interests in the film, as he becomes a
figure of increasing ec[...]s. Australian distribu-
tor: UIP. 35mm. 110 mins. Australia. 1994.

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (64)Electronic rushes.
heatrette seats.30.
5mm & |6mm double head.
igh résol/:,ution video
projec[...]IZ6 Bank Street
cguth Melbourne
an; Vi toria 3205 Australia

t 3*
ffix 03) 696 9300 . free ‘*3 I[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (65)[...]unenviable prospect of only ever
being spoken of in the context of its younger, and
more successful, sibling — and as the one with Phil
Collins in it. While it is tempting and perhaps even
propert[...]r the failure of Frauds to gain cinematic
release in its own right, one must concede thatthe
film’s[...]orization.

Its makers, Latent Image productions (in the
form of Stephan Elliott and producers Andrena[...]these approaches
play with normality or banality in different and
possibly contradictory ways? In the context of
Priscilla, such latent contradicti[...]on-
tradictions with the nature of genre itself.

In the beginning, the tone of Frauds is ‘natu-
ral[...]burglary
goes horribly wrong and Beth shoots the in-
truder with a cross-bow. This event heralds a
mo[...](to Beth’s dismay) that Jonathan is implicated
in the burglary and was secretly attempting
insuranc[...]forced tp
fight back and eventually confront him in his
Willy Wonkaesque citadel, craftily disguised[...]t the brief pleasures they
provide are dissipated in the fruitless attempt to
connect each to a cohere[...]e merge into the next. This
strategy is reflected in the film’s migration from
Jonathan and Beth’s[...]f the influences of cartoons
and Steven Spielberg on his directorial style,
and, like those masters of[...]dges from its characters.

While the performances in Frauds are di-
rected proficiently, the film’s[...]eaving provides many of the pleasures to be
found in Frauds, but there is a distracting sense
of ambiv[...]ve
‘gotten it right’ with Priscilla, at least on a formal
level, perhaps the experiment of Frauds[...]), Vincent Ball (Judge). Latent Image
production, in association with the Australian Film
Finance Corporation. Australian distributor: Hoyts.
35mm. 92 mins. Australia. 1994.

HAMMERS OVER THE ANVIL

FINCINA HOPGOOD

ust how do you go about adapting 21 short

stories set in the Australian bush at the turn
of the cen[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (66)rate on the final draft, has produced a sensitive
and liv[...]on of Marshall’s sto-
ries, and a charming film in its own right.

Penguin Books Australia has released a
special edition of Marshall’s st[...]ncludes a closing essay written by Harvey-
Wright on the adapting and filming of these
stories. He wri[...]the same
time to fulfil your own requirements”. In conver-
sations with Harvey-Wright, Marshall reco[...]t worry about my words.”

A fundamental concern in adapting several
individual short stories for one[...]the necessary impetus for the film’s
narrative. in both Marshall’s stories and the
film, Alan (pla[...]im ac-
cess to the physical definition of manhood in a
small country town, where masculinity and viril[...]actually the young daughter of this land-
owner. In a separate story from that of East
Driscoll, she[...]nsight
into the moral codes of the early 1900s is in-
cluded in the film in the adaptation of the story of
teenager Nellie Bo[...](a sly
Frank Gallacher). Linking Grace with East in the
film draws these two narrative plots together.

Ann Turner's involvement in the final script
draft led to a crucial change in the relationship

between Grace and East: she sug[...]osed exile to
play the role.

The narrative focus on the three characters
of East, Grace and Alan is f[...]ustice, all seen through the eyes of a young
boy. In adaptation, fourteen—year—old Alan is
motherl[...]decision designed to add poign-
ancy to relations in the Marshall household;
Alan’s older sister Elsie
(Kirsty McGregor) thus
takes on a maternal role
and becomes humorous
in her cynically pragmatic
approach towards caring
f[...]ie J. Holden),
Alan and East, and Alan
and Grace, in whom he
finds not only a mother
figure but the fo[...]ch can only
be realized vicariously
through East. In the cli-
max to the growing crisis
surrounding Ea[...], and not intrude upon, the action tak-
ing place on the screen. As Harvey-Wright
explains, the narrat[...]from Marshall’s stories
are used at key moments in the narration and
also by the characters t[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (67)Filmed in the Clare valley of Adelaide, the
sound and photo[...]lens, to a close-up of the blue
hand of a corpse on frost-covered grass.

The soundtrack is further e[...]vides a perfect accompaniment to the visual
image on the screen. Production designer Ross
Major expertly recreates the country town of
Turalla in the early 1900s. A

This richness of individual talent might oth-
erwise have resulted in a fragmented and over-
crowded cinematic product[...]Similarly, Alan’s nightly ritual of lying
awake in bed to hear East's horse cantering
home at midnig[...]ook under his bed; a shot of East’s foot caught
in a stirrup which conveys in an instant the
details of his tragic accident. Sh[...]t
the Creteil International Women's Film Festival
in Paris and a commendation at the Edinburgh
Film Fe[...]APERS 101

tion to historic detail (Celia was set in the
1950s) and an exploration of the family unit as
part of Turner’s own search for an Australian
essence on the screen. It is now three years
since Hammers w[...]h of this adaptation of Marshall‘s
stories lies in its ability to give life to his charac-
ters on the screen. Crowe‘s performance as
East lends a[...]y his impressive skills as a
horseman (he trained on his days off from
Romper Stomper). Rampling does indeed have
star quality; her presence on the screen com-
mands attention yet never threate[...]for his performance as
Alan. There are few scenes in which he does
not appear and he rises to the chal[...]pays off when she teams him with
other characters in intense exchanges — most
notably his playing ar[...]rite performance) and with his
father, especially in their bitter argument over
riding horses: Alan se[...]tle becomes clear: it is the
blows life deals out on the individual which
mould and shape a person, ju[...]Scriptwriters: Peter Hepworth, Ann Turner.
Based on the stories Hammers Overthe Anvil by Alan
Marshal[...]ther Finnegan).
South Australian Film Corporation & Harvest Produc-

tions. Australian distributor: Roadshow. 35mm. 101
mins. Australia. 1994.

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (68)[...]y
realize they are movie buffs or not). it relies on
that intuitive connection of plot twists and char[...]oddball
brood of six children circulating Sydney on the
tourist bus, but statuesque Sandra’s being[...]hey approach the private detective genre and
stir in the mutant creature genre, they rely on
ocker humour to give it unity and persuade us
tha[...]selection com-
mittee has acknowledged this skill in giving The
Holy Poly Man a nomination for Best Original
Screenplay. It is original in its absorbing of
traditions and transforming them[...]ogical touches). David
Stevens has recently shown in The Sum of Us

(Kevin Dowling and Geoff Burton, 1[...]zement intonation to oppressive
righteousness (as in Paul Cox’s Golden Braid,
1990), to funny slob (as in Brian McKenzie’s
Stan and George’s NewLife, 1992). He relies on
all of these here and turns Dirk Trent into a loc[...]Zoe Bertram) who looks
and acts like Wendy Hughes in Sumner Locke
El/iott’s Careful He Might Hear Yo[...]ctively determined to offload her
offspring (six) on to Trent for the weekend.

And, surely, Les Foxcr[...]nd maniacal attendant), its naughty-
boy pleasure in crude jokes and language and
ooze-and-guts jokes[...]nees for AFI Best Film Award:
Muriel’s Wedding (P. J. Hogan), The Adven-
tures of Priscilla, Queen[...]ves (which was not exactly a prevalent
occupation in recent decades). To that extent,
The Holy Poly Ma[...]Bill Young and
Kym Goldsworthy offer us a tongue-in-cheek
movie tribute and a contribution to Ocker g[...]ie), John Batchelor
(Axel). Rough Nut Productions in association with
Kolapore Management. Australian distributor: Total
Film & Television. 35mm. 93 mins. Australia. 1994.

TRAPS

SCOTT MURRAY

ne of the most impor[...]Pauline Chan, a Vietnamese national now
resident in Australia, graduated from the Austral-
ian Film Television & Radio School after having
made two striking short[...]en the Door and the Floor, both of which
screened in Un Certain Regard at Cannes.

Encouraged by thats[...]s, which she co-wrote
(with Robert Carter). Based on characters taken
from Kate Grenville’s Dreamhou[...]ory of a married English couple who visit
Vietnam in the early 19503.

Michael Duffield (Robert Reynol[...]ap-
proved’ pieces for those who employ him — in
this case Daniel (Sami Frey), a friend who is
par[...]ion, Chan crisply suggests that their
marriage is on a troubled course. They pause
for Louise to take a pee in a forest, where
Vietnamese appear and disappear u[...]etween their
needs as individuals and as partners in a union.
in particular, Louise fights to move beyond the
disa[...]she sees and understands often quite clearly —
in part through fear. This is symbolized by her
appr[...]ing water. (Only
near film's end does she do this in an unneces-
sarily explicit moment.)

By c[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (69)[...]ial and physical forces
bring about major changes on both individual
and social levels. The parallels[...]eing imperialist
overlords and exploiters; and so on.

On a structural level, these and other paral-
lels a[...]overthrow the
French is unconvincing and imposes in no felt
way on Louise and Michae|’s marital concerns
(when the[...]The
scene where they gently pick away at the lock
on Daniel’s plantation gate renders them child-
li[...]usly wants themto use
the metal tool that is used in the plantation
(symbol of capitalist exploitation), as a torture
weapon (colonial repression), and so on, but it
undermines the drama. There is a real nee[...]origins. Chan, a
refugee from Vietnam, was taken in, schooled
and had her film mostly financed by a w[...]think of, and be
unnerved by,
such ambigui-
ties in a film
with the politi-
calsensibilities
and corr[...]s little doubt that Saskia
Reeves, a fine actress in several overseas
films, leads the cast as Louise,[...]obert Reynolds
is (for this viewer at least) spot on in his por-
trayal of a spineless Englishman, whose[...]ench and much too old (the
clues to Viola’s age in the dialogue — too young
to learn to drive; has[...]s between husband and wife
are some of the finest in the film (along with the
chilling strangulation of the Viet Mlnh boy in the
under—stairs room). Some may find Chan’s[...]f English weakness, but there is no
doubting that in such scenes her direction is at
its most evocative.

Where Chan tends to falter is in having co-
written, and directed, dialogue that i[...]qual-
ity. Having gone to the trouble of shooting in
Vietnam (as opposed to visiting The Philippines
o[...]of the
exteriors are underlit, such as by the hut on the
driveway, where several conversations are qui[...]han has a crisp, clean eye for compo-
sition, but in this case (unlike her shorts) the
images are some[...]laws,
Moffatt’s and Mclnnes’ films strike out in more
dramatic directions, are visually more alluring
and play with narrative in more startling ways. In
comparison, much of Traps looks as if it could
ha[...]s baulked at
touching sexual issues, Chan charged in with
the bold and confronting Hangup), so hertaki[...]ot an overly successful film, but, as
first films in Australia go, it is a good start. If
Chan has tackled more[...]passing as striking debuts these days.

Notes

1 In 3 Cinema Papers interview (see “Further
Reading”), Chan gives the character’s age as 1 6

(p. 8).

Further reading: See interviews with Paulin[...]Scriptwriters:
Robert Carter, Pauline Chan. Based on the book
Dreamhouse by Kate Grenville. Director o[...]erry
Marquet (Captain Brochard). Ayer Productions in as-
sociation with Australian Film Finance Corpor[...]n Film Commission
and Film Queensland. Australian distributor: Ronin.
35mm. 95 mins. Australia. 1994.

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (70)CONTINUED FROM P. 2

the world. Since hosting the Olympic Games in
1988, the country has joined the select ranks of
Asia's full and open democratic societies. Korea is
Australia’s third largest export market and is poised
to[...]y of Theatrical Features
(Oxford University Press in association with the
Australian Film Commission a[...]including the additional
years of 1993 and 1994, in November 1995. A
book of similar methodology on New"Z‘ealand cin-
ema, presently being complete[...]ive Officer for the past twelve months,
is moving on to new endeavours. All at the maga-
zine wish her[...]n Films,
Film Finances and AFC”, pages 36 to 39 in issue
100, the name of Film Finances’ principal[...]ell, Quentin Tarantino’s surname was mis-
spelt in the cover photo caption and Bernardo
Bertolucci’s Christian name was misspelt in the
heading of his interview (p. 4).

T0.ADVERTlSE IN

CINEMAIPAPERS

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Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (71)[...]innocence? Guilt? Why?

But Bubby does not arrive in the world at age
35. True, he has been locked away in a window-
less room all those years, but that is[...]his father, God, gladwrap, death, drink and sex.

In a way, he had experienced things most 01
us would never come across. Yet it was all in a
vacuum.

The power and veracity of Bad Boy Bubb[...]dhood he describes as “revo-
lutions and tigers In the jungle”: exciting and
adventurous.

Born in Holland, he was one of six children;
he was seven[...]ng accepted into the Austral-
ian Film Television & Radio School. “On the
second day, I already knew I was in the right
place”, he recalls. “It was another revolution in my
life. l’d gone to sleep intellectually.” H[...]what it is. One influence was an
actor whom I saw in his thirties playing a man in
his seventies at NIDA. We decided to make a
film[...]ymous. Anyway, the
idea of him playing an old man in a room
occasionally venturing out appealed. But i[...]ss?

The idea was to make a very low-budget film, in
which I could say anything and do anything:
compl[...]t it was liberating to do. I
built a set of cards on which I'd write the ideas.
Then I got to a point[...]so I needed to do a script quickly. By
then I was in South Australia and I thought I’d
apply to what was then Film S[...]he script.

How much of the central elements were in
your head at that stage’!

Well, I had a[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (72)[...]judging people too easily. Hy-
pocrisy goes hand in hand with judging people
too easily. The central[...]I drove IT, more than it drove me.
Also, my views on television are not compli-
mentary, so the fllm i[...]goes
out of our culture.

There are tough things In the film, ’cause it’s
a film, not television Okay, a few people will
walk out inin every possible way,
with humour, shock, appreciation of beauty.
There is certainly compassion in the scenes
between Bobby and Rachel, the girl suffering
from cerebral palsy, when they are falling in
love. It's quite an extraordinary part of the
fil[...]are Dutch, and they have a great
love of children in different ways. I have strong
memories of my fath[...]tralian. It began to Come 10
me when I was living in places like Pyrmont and

Ultimo in Sydney — and several of the scenes
were conceiv[...]ilm that I imagine would lose
something if viewed on the small screen of
television.

Well, the three words “IS IT CINEMA?” were

written on one of the main cards that I stuck to
the wall.[...]rger ideas and philosophy and exploring soci-
ety in a direct way. In fact, it’s as commercial as
a film with a much bigger budget. I insisted on
a low budget to make it more commercial.

NICHOLA[...]was seven when his family
migrated to a new land, in Hope’s case from
Manchester to Whyalla, South Australia. The
youngest of four children, Hope “had a wonder-
ful time” growing up in a working-class family
that eschewed the sports f[...]—goers Association Jury. Ironi-
cally, Hope was on the dole by the time we met
to talk about the fil[...]s kind of clean and healthy.
Third, it made sense in the context of the film, so
I suffered a minor di[...]ries of a couple of

children who were brought up in the wild — wolf
children, as it were, with no e[...]animalistic. I also decided that the cat was
new in his life, and, as he tends to mimic
everything, h[...]. But I accepted the
idea that I was another risk in a very low budget
film. Then it grew more scary w[...]my Nirvana!

How would you describe Bad Boy Bubby in
shorthand?

l’d say it’s a modern Frankenstei[...]he most supportive environment |’ve ever
worked in — like a curtain of air. It allowed us all
to m[...]it allowed us to fail — safely.
You work mostly in theatre. Has working on
this film turned you on to cinema?

I love working in theatre immensely, but film is
an incredib[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (73)[...](ZBIGNIEW ZAMACHOWSKII AND MIKOLAJ (JANUSZ GAJOS) IN KRZYSZTOF KlESLOWSKl‘S THDIS CHULEURS: BLANL‘.

six Short Notes on the 41st Sydney Film Festival

RAYMOND YOUNIS

Tw[...]mes
so overwhelming, that one cannot do much
more in a short review than point a wavering
finger at fi[...]Festival proper began with a short docu-
mentary on Jean Renoir. lt examined the vari-
ous phases of[...]laborationist
approach, Berto|ucci’s insistence on the pro-
phetic nature of La Flegle du Jeu (Renoir, 1939)
and Welles’ emphasis on Renoir’s refusals to
make the films his Hollywo[...]e shadow
of Auguste Renoir through the cinema had in
fact served to bring him closer to his great
Impressionist forebear.

Hosse//in/’ Seen by Hossellini promised much
but did not[...]because
some of Roberto Rossellini‘s own views on
cinema are somewhat abstruse or question-
able. H[...]e didactic films of his last
years — were shown in—between interviews in
which Rossellini outlines his own thoughts on
humanism and neo—realism, morality, brain
physi[...]igious and ethical dimen-
sions of the cinema and on his desire for a
poetics of orientation and spiri[...]sm and romanticism, and their excesses.

Finally, in Be/ls from the Deep, Werner
Herzog offers yet another obsessive and in-
tense meditation on the intersections of reli-
gion, myth and modern[...]y of these individuals: he reads
the translations in English with some gravity, for
example, and his c[...]y is somewhat too generous at
times, his interest in outcasts, fanatics, vision-
aries and people whos[...]the failures of
modernity and of rationality — in documentaries
such as Echoes from a sombre Empire, Scream
of Stone and Lessons in Darkness — remains
timely and provocative.

II — FIVE NOT-S0-SHORT FILMS
ABOUT LOVE (AND HOW AUSTRALIA
CONQUERED rm: KNOWN WORLD)

“Love triumphant”[...]ertainly, four orfive of
the most memorable films in the Festival exam-
ined this vexed issue. Krzyszt[...]-
tempts to reawaken his wife’s love. It deals, in
typical Kieslowskian fashion, with abandonment
an[...]tained innovative use of the
colour and the frame in Blue, it does evoke again
the sad but hopeful wor[...], where
genuine human contact occurs fitfully but in mo-
ments of epiphany which alter the cour[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (74)[...]cinematic sweet-
eners. Nevertheless, the tension in Grape’s life
dissolves as two relationships off[...]se children are taken from her by
welfare workers on the grounds that she is unfit
to be a mother. The film is a powerful one in parts
but, once again, there is an object lesson[...]. It is a pity that Loach did not spend more
time on these positive things. The film might
have been m[...]d farce. The film does
not plumb any great depths on the question of
the discrepancy between the intri[...]riel and Mariel); it does seem to be unduly
harsh on the institution of marriage; but it is a
highly a[...]ividual who finds her own
voice and her own place in relation to someone
who values her for what she i[...]al-
though it does not reach any dizzying heights in
terms of technique or innovation, it is ultimatel[...]firmation of extraordinary love; of
relationships inon the life and art of
Glenn Gould is a fragmented reconstruction in
collage-like fashion. It combines animation,
comp[...]with actors
to evoke scenes from an unusual life. In a
Festival where the boundaries between docu-
men[...]ed unproblematic, it was refreshing
to see a film in which these and other issues are
problematized and questioned.

In Girard’s film, it is suggested that the
histori[...]aught with
uncertainty andfullofenigmas. Thefilm, on one
level, seems to be an acknowledgment of inde-
terminacy and the persistence of gaps and
fissures in any attempted reconstitution of fleet-
ing presen[...]ART OF
MISE-EN-SCENE

The most satisfying element in the Festival was
the Ozu Retrospective. (In fact, without this and
without the participation[...]one suspects, is still alien to
many cinemagoers in this country —that is their

loss. It is a cine[...]e shifting perceptions ofthe role
of individuals. In these senses, Ozu‘s cinema is
no less topical o[...]e is paramount. It is as if one has a still point
in an otherwise endlessly turning world, the
better[...]sug-
gests the point of contemplation and repose in
Zen; the position in which one meditates on
issues of family, freedom, will, value, happi-
ne[...]e emotional
range they evoke: from a deep sadness in films
such as Soshun (Early Spring, 1956) and Tok[...]timism and subtle affirmations of
hope and growth in films such as Bakushu
(Early Summer, 1951) and Hi[...]nox Flower, 1958), and happiness and exulta-
tion in films such as Banshun (Late Spring,
1949). The im[...]ition,
the use of red as a signifier of constancy in a
world of flux in the late films (which were shot in
colour), the remarkable performances from a
dedic[...]and,
at times, there is an element of repetition in
clusters offilms, but overall the series r[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (75)[...]st eager|y—anticipated films were
documentaries on Nazism and its legacy: The
Wonderful Horrible Lif[...]s of
excerpts from Riefenstahl’s films and from in-
terviews. Though Riefenstahl is still a forceful[...]ard to the National Social-
ists’ racist agenda in Germany. Yet the facts of
the matter are that the[...]an
official record of a Nazi rally at Nuremberg. In
the film itself, the speeches of Hess and Hitler[...]es and swas-
tikas without any trace of irony — on the con-
trary, these scenes are often hagiographic in
tone and focus. There can be little doubt that
th[...]tographical strategies.
Hitler is often portrayed in messianic terms.
And Riefenstahl accepted the German National
Film Prize for it in 1935 — it should not be
forgotten here that the[...]S 101

LAWRENCE JDHNSTDN‘S ETERNITY.

asthetics in any sense in Triumph des Willens
becomes a deeply problematic question.

The documentary itself is impressive in structure
and scope: it covers all of the key pha[...]the inter-
viewer often retreats just when we are on the
threshold of the most important and incisive[...]insists that the neo-
Nazis undermine themselves in the film — they
are fanatical, intolerant and f[...]ns that such an image, left to its own de-
vices (in other words, without directorial com-
mentary), i[...]Nazi elements that some German viewers have
seen in the film.- It is difficult to resist the belief
t[...]tor has been just a little naive here.
Such faith in the precision or univocity of the
film image is surely misplaced, particularly in a
film such as this, where the voices of those wh[...]ree films suggested that our film industry is
not in bad shape, the same could not be said for
other c[...]lean year: the French,
Polish and Russian entries in particular were
surely not representative or were[...]can, British and
Canadian entries also stood out. In 1995, the
centenary of the cinema, one hopes that the
Festival will build on its successes and provide
a worthy celebration of world cinema, in the
broadest sense of the term.

43RD Melbourne l[...]ed. There were plenty of interesting
films to see in the 1994 Melbourne International
Film Festival, b[...]clude apathy, consider-
ing the ripples expressed in a recent issue of
Storm magazine.

With the excep[...]lly as a media event. Perhaps the
changes already in place for the Festival over
the next couple of ye[...]vent. Cer-
tainly, the move to the Regent Theatre in Collins
Street by 1996 will give the Festival a n[...]e other pro-
posed change (planned to take effect in 1995)
is the likelihood of having the Festival sched-
uled in July ratherthan June. Melbourne's prox-
imity to the Sydney Film Festival has resulted in
scant media attention and something of an

identi[...]slowly gathering pace over the
past few years is in the Festival’s continuing
Asia focus, wherein i[...]more
commercially popular (though less accessible
in Australia until recently) films by directors like
John Woo[...]that the Festival is re-thinking its
initiatives in a major way was made clear by its
noble effort to embark on a special programme
of Robert Mitchum films, and[...]nt is still incomplete: a Bruce Weber
documentary on Mitchum. It highlights the in-

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (76)[...]ic Film Collection, and the broad
field exhibited in the Animation Focus.

The Festival has always com[...].

The Sum of Us is a modest-looking produc-
tion in comparison to the fanfare of the opening
night film, Muriel’s Wedding(P. J. Hogan). Yet it
is more thematically and styli[...]abric.

Jack Thompson's role as Harry Mitchell is in
many ways a reworking of his role as Foley in
Sunday Too Far Away (Ken Hannam, 1975).
Foley dis[...]lude a hu-
morous visual reference to Sunday, and in so
doing points to the changed attitude toward
masculinity in Australia in the 19 years since
Sunday was made. Harry Mitchell, in compari-
son to Foley, exhibits the same positive[...]lking directly into camera is
certainly essential in understanding the change
of attitude. Harry and J[...]atic situation and offer their
innermost thoughts on formative moments in
their past. When having been made fully cogni-
za[...]pects of suburban culture as it
can get its hands on, from FM radio to fluoro-
clothes, from newly-weds to the fitness craze.

Body Meltis a dynamic film in the sense that
its identity doesn't rely on the woeful applause
of being uniquely and proudly[...]here’s irreverence.
The focal point of all this in Body Melt is, of
course, the body (“your body i[...]hly
original film. Body Melt is certainly not shy on
displaying its blood lines, it’s just that the[...]illegitimate child, a
little like the ocker films
Australia made in the
’70s but were quickly
disowned. In the context
of today’s Australian film
industry, Body Melt is
perhaps the ultimate
‘personal’ film in this re-
gard.

A restoration pro-
gramme initiated by the
National Film Archive in
London and the British
Film institute under the
p[...]Fuller's
Forty Guns (1947) and
Richard Brooks’ In Cold
Blood(1 967) come from

THE BOLEXEROTHERS' T[...]ENTURES OF TDM THUMB.

the season called “Black & White In ’Scope: The
Anamorphic Vision”; Oh...Ffosalinda!!(1956) is
part of “The Films of Powell & Pressburger”
season; Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen’s On
the Town (1949) comes courtesy of the “All
Sing[...]seeing these
films again, or for the first time, on the big
screen is the ultimate justification for[...]h criticism can be levelled at the films.
Perhaps in future years the Festival can organ-
ize forums a[...]ommercials,
coupled with ever-increasing advances in com-

CINEMA PAPERS 101 - 77

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (77)[...]wever, one animation technique some-
what ignored in preference to cel-animation is
three—dimensiona[...]hers and David
Sproxton of Aardman Animation were on hand
to enlighten the uninitiated. Both have their
studios based in Bristol, which is really the centre
for 3-D animation in Britain.

78 - CINEMA PAPERS 101

FOUR HETHDSPECTIVES: TOP LEFT: RICHARD BROOKS’ IN BOLD BL000,
TOP RIGHT: STANLEY DONEN'S ON THE TOWllI LEFT: JOHN FORD‘S THE

Showing for t[...]c
fairy tale. Borthwick was
approached by the BBC
in the late ’80s to do a
series of short animated[...]to entail
six ten-minute animated
episodes based on a clas-
sic fairy tale, but tailored
for an adult[...]ers at the
BBC got to see a snippet
of the work—in-progress,
but it was unrepresente-
tive of the fi[...]ged call-
ers, and consequently the
BBC went cold on the
whole idea of doing a series.
Borthwick, howe[...]it. The
film immediately picked up several awards in its
first year of doing the festival circuit, and[...]feature.
The techniques of the two studios differ in
that Aardman specialize in claymation, while
the bolexbrothers employed pixillation in the

SEAHCHERS AND BOTTOM: SAM FULLEITS FURTY GUN[...]chniques are different
butthe approach is similar in principle. Whether
one is using latex or clay bec[...]are A Grand Day Out
(British Academy Award winner in 1990 and
nominated for an Oscar the same year), Crea-
ture Comforts (winner of an Academy Award in
1991) and The Wrong Trousers (sequel to A
Grand Day Outand another Oscar win in 1994).

Aardman’s material is intriguing becaus[...]Prometheus, of course, being the man made of
clay in Greek mythology).

Clay animation on film first made its appear-
ance in silent cinema in conjunction with live-
action in what were called tableaux vivants,
which initiall[...]then dreaming about the sculpture
coming to life. In a lot of cases, clay animation
was employed inste[...]into vogue until studios
like Aardman came along in the late ’70s.

Given the hurdles animation has had to
overcome in the face of live-action, the Mel-
bourne Film Festival made a daring move with
the extensive presentation in the Animation
Focus. The Aardman and bolex[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (78)[...]g for Brisbane) to Broken
Hill inexplicably takes in tropical rain forests, the Sydney Har-
bour Bridg[...]attractions like Ayers Rock.

Of course, not all in Bello onesto is prosaic, nor is the above
necessa[...]he Italian immigrant, is writing
to his betrothed in Italy, a peasant girl from the South whom he
has never met and believes now resides in Roma as a factory
worker. Amedeo is seen in mid—shot propped up against a
telegraph pole while in voice-over we hear the words he scribbles
on his pad. The camera slowly pulls away high up int[...]ark, the roads
are wet and Carmela, all dolled up in a blonde wig, mini-skirt and
black boots, stamps[...]Carmela is not the peasant girl Amedeo had seen in a
photograph which was taken 10 years ago, but a[...]whom he makes himself out to be. He
cannot get by on his own appearance so he sent Carmela a photo
of his handsome friend, Giuseppe (Riccardo Garrone), who lives
in Broken Hill, owns an American car, a house, and i[...]Giuseppe to tell Carmela the truth, he
does, and in the process woos Carmela for himself. Giuseppe
ta[...]his wealth).

Carmela and Amedeo end up together in his desert home of
Bun Bun Ga, united in their misery. Enrichment or the hope of a
better[...]ovement, but the
paradoxical undercurrent is that in gaining more one still has
less. Bello onesto is thus something of a “pink” neorealist film in
which misery, sacrifice, loneliness and hardship[...]ope of a better life is not altogether impossible in the new

land. Thus, it is apt to quote the speec[...]cades ofSurvival: Australian Film 1 930-1970”,

in The Australian Screen, ed. Albert Moran and Tom O[...]Feature Film Production, Oxford University Press in association with
The Australian Film Institute, M[...]337-8.

3 I believe Bello onesto is not available in this country on film. It was
happened upon while browsing through[...]eo store; the video
is not subtitled. Penta Films in Italy is believed to hold the theatrical rights.

BEI.lO ONESTO EMIGRATO AUSTRALIA SPOSEREBBE COMPAESANA ILLIBATA [Girl In Australia]
Directed by Luigi Zampa. Producer: Gianni Hecht[...]nto Films. 35mm. 114 mins.
1971.

to ADVER'I'_lSE In

-P AFP E R s

CALI. (03) 429 5511 J

CINEMA P[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (79)[...]CINEMA PAPERS 101

@i994i '6:e§3ie2’c»eK

in a laudable spirit of optimism, however mis-
guided, collaborators in filmmaking often form a
company either for on-going development of a
number of projects or as a[...]r enterprises.

The most common company structure in the
industry is two equal shareholders who are al[...]o busy with the realities of the project to
focus on the ability of the standard Articles of
Associati[...]ne. These may be the
very people who later detect in each other the
flexibility of the Pope and the co[...]ranteed. Even the most incurable
social engineers in the legislatures believe that,
don’t they?

A s[...]ff energy-sapping and costly litigation of
a kind in which the motives of Mother Theresa
would be call[...]g with the rights and obligations of
shareholders in relation to each other and the
company’s activi[...]r, compel shareholders to vote a par-
ticular way on named issues, forbid sharehold-

ers to participate in a business competing with
the company, or require unanimity on certain
decisions. The contents of the shareholders’
agreement may also be incorporated in the
Articles of Association.

Some care must be t[...]to
vote a particular way, for directors must vote in

good faith in the best interests of the company.

This can be d[...]the relevant
issues to be decided by the company in general
meeting.

Here are some of the issues arising in Share-
holders‘ Agreements:

Rouzs or THE Pumas[...]ntributions and
specialities.

SHARE or Pnocasns

In the types of arrangements we have pre-
pared, the two filmmakers usually share in-
come from the film equally. This would normally[...]d
services, such as directing and writing.

DEATH on INCAPACITY

If one filmmaker is unable to partici[...]death or incapacity, the other may not wish to
be in a de facto partnership with the relatives of
the[...]or the Chair of
the Board to have a casting vote. In this struc-
ture, this can make one partythe boss on issues
to be decided by the board of directors. I[...]mechanism where

the two members of a company are in durable
conflict.

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (80)[...]heir nominations of the valua-
tion of the shares in a sealed envelope, which is
then opened at a meet[...]filmmakers to spy the instruments of torture
well in advance.

As such, they are solutions of last res[...]etting the
film up then gives the other a payment on
commencement of principal photography.

There may[...]VANTAGES

Where disputes must be resolved quickly in the
middle of production of a film, the financier[...]t that one
party or the other must have final say on various
issues at prescribed times or that, if th[...]ovide the de-
parting party with a reasonable sum on buyout,
or the parties may be unhappy with the method
of valuation set out in the agreement.

In summary, a shareholders’ agreement can
spare fi[...]y around this time.)

For further inquiries: Hart & Spira, Level 2/
88 George Street, The Fiocks, Sydney, 2000.
Tel: (02) 247 5008, Fax: (02) 247 5858.

A NOTE on HART & SPIRA

Hart & Spira is one of Australia’s leading and
most successful entertainment law[...]writers, authors, artists and photographers both
in Australia and internationally.

The firm has wide experience in negotiating,
structuring, documenting and complet[...]Film Commission
(Film Development Branch).

Hart & Spira has well-established relation-
ships with leading entertainment law firms in
the U.S., UK and Europe. More recently, the
firm[...]ith Asia by
advising both local and Asian clients on media-
related matters in the Pacific region.

The firm sets out to provide the full range of
legal services to clients in the entertainment
industry and, as a result, has[...]rforming Arts rates

for our Fully Self Contained & serviced

Apartments

0 Comfortable 4 Star Apartm[...]D
0 Transport Available Outside Our Door

0 Right in The Heart of Cosmopolitan St. Kilda

CALL[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (81)W
Australia's First .3 v» 4 ,,
Fi N CONTINUED FROM P.53 is

machines. The Limelight Department
had equ[...]] so that the effect was
rather fragmentary, but, on the other
hand, many different aspects of the pic[...]and there was also afforded at the last a "i l. p ’ '22}
wonderfully vivid glimpse of the Gover- 51229.7’; . A

nor—General in his State carriage. How-

ever, by far the best pictures were those

taken at the swearing-in pavilion. Here,

the arrival of the Governor-General with a brilliant staff, the scene in
the pavilion with the Archbishop reading prayers,[...]s of the upper circle and gallery
to join lustily in ‘Soldiers of the Queen’ and other favorite so[...]and Suite will be present.“

Debuts of the film in other states were slightly delayed by the
unexpected demise of Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901, with
the subsequent period of mo[...]id as it was shown by dozens of touring companies in the
various states and abroad:

In Victoria, it was first presented by G. H. Snazell[...]r
Navy” company at Melbourne’s Athenaeum Hall on 25 January
1901.45 It was also put on at Barry Rickards’ Bijou Theatre in
Melbourne from 28 January“, becoming the first Australian film
to screen concurrently at two venues in a single city. Inon 4 February
1901.47 Showings were also given by se[...]y Limelight Department’s touring companies.”

In South Australia, its first screenings were given at Harry
Rickards’ Tivoli Theatre in Adelaide from 11 February 1901.49

Tasmanian scre[...]rt’s Temperance Hall from 6 February 19015‘), in
Launceston’s Bijou Theatre by the Commonwealth[...]sive rights to the Federation film’s
exhibition in that state.“ He first showed them during a lecture
on his Boer War experiences at Brisbane’s Centenary Hall on 12
February 1901. Later, he took them as far as Charters Towers on
a northern tour.“ However, the lonely and stren[...]n palled and, by July 1901, he departed for
China on a journalistic assignment.“

British screenings were given by the New South Wales Agent-
General in London after July 1901. The New South Wales
Government Printer wrote to him on 17 June 1901 confirming

82 . CINEMA PAPERS 101[...]triotic pantomime, Australis, or the City oflero, in which the
Federation films were first shown, provided this fanciful stage view of Circular Quay
in the year 2001 — with a Harbour Bridge design wh[...], and
which, I regret to say, are somewhat patchy in character. Still, they
form a record which is not[...]dney, for about six
weeks, and for a similar time in Melbourne.”

The dispatch of a print to Canada is also noted in governmen-
tal correspondence.“

The Salvation[...]o
register The Australian Kinematographic Company on 30 Janu-
ary 1901.” Commissions to produce further films for external
agencies could then be placed on a solid business basis. While
clearly separating[...]several Salva-
tion Army commercial off—shoots in that period, including its
Hamodava Tea import bu[...]ches, and a musical instrument production venture
in St Albans (England).58

The profits from this fir[...]rs to replace their obsolescent Lumiere
equipment in about April 1901.59 With the new “pan head” on
its tripods, a range of lenses available for the[...]Limelight Department became the undisputed leader
in Australian production. The precedent of the Feder[...]s to cover the Royal Visit to Australa-
sia later in that year — which will be the focus of a forthcoming
instalment in this series.

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (82)NEXT INSTALMENT

The next installment will focus on Clement Mason’s Florodora
and the film work of[...]cer, a pioneer
anthropologist who went to Central Australia to shoot the first
major corpus of Australian Abo[...]ound-
breaking effort produced 3,000 feet of film in two months, most
of which survives intact.

IIIOO[...]under an Australian Research

Notes

1 The films in “Soldiers of the Cross” were initially only 9[...]1899 Wills—Mobsby coverage of Wheat
Harvesting on the Darling Downs (about 5 minutes).

2 Ford C. O[...]For example, see Everyones, Sydney, 7 March 1923, p. 3; Everyones, 13
December 1933, p. 44; The War Cry (Melbourne), 4 August 1951, p. 8.

4 Victorian Public Records Office, Laverton:[...]No. 9539,
v. 933: box 39.

5 Discussed at length in Cinema Papers, June 1994, p. 60 et seq.

6 Cinema Papers, June 1994, pp. 62-3[...]Souter, Lion and Kangaroo, Fontana, Sydney, 1978, p. 29.

8 Cyril Pearl, Australia’s Yesterdays, Reader’s Digest Services, Sydney, 1974, p. 15.

9 The South Australian Register, Adelaide, 2 January 1901, p. 6.

10 Punch (Melbourne), 3 January 1901, p. 2: “The Indian Guard of Honour”.

1 1 J.J. K[...]Printer, Sydney, 1904, pp. 2-7, 289-91.

12 Ibid, p. 2.

1 3 Commonwealth Archives were checked in Melbourne, Sydney and Mitchell
(Canberra), and th[...]tober 1900, pp. 7-8.

16 J. J. Keenan, loc. cit., p. 289.

17 The Sydney Morning Herald, 27 December 1900, p. 6; 19January 1901, p. 13.

18 Ibid, 12 November l900, p. 5.

19 Ibid., 20 November 1900, p. 5.

20 A. J. Perier to H. L. White, National Librarian, 26 October 1953, p. 2; also
State Archives of New South Wales ref. 1[...]of Letters Sent, Letter book No. 25 Departmental, p. 232. (Reference
courtesy of Clive Sowry.) Letter[...]stralasian Photographic Review, 22 December 1900, p. 3: “The Com-
monwealth Celebrations”.

22 Cinema Papers, July 1994, p. 66: “Exhibition Difficulties”.

23 Australas[...]6 Australasian Photographic Review, January 1951, p. 9: “One People, One
Destiny”, by A. J. Perier.

27 Sydney Mail, 26 January 1901, p. 207: “Dramatic”.

28 Australasian Photographic Review, January 1951, p. 9.

29 Australasian Photographic Review, 22 December 1900, p. 3.

30 State Archives of NSW ref. 1/163 Governme[...]opies of
letters sent, book no. 24, departmental, p. 308 — Government Printer to
Under Secretary fo[...]ustralasian Photographic Review, 23 January 1901, p. 25.

32 Cinema Papers, June 1994, pp. 65-6.

33[...]tion.

34 The War Cry (Melbourne), 4 August 1951, p. 8; 15 June 1957.

35 These men were members of t[...]ugh Seas at Shelly Beach, Warrnambool
with Brodie on 24 October 1900, and both were later involved with
shooting the Royal Visit in mid 1901 , Cook in Victoria and Brodie in New
Zealand. See Cinema Papers, August I994, p. 84.

36 Australasian Photographic Review, January 1951, p. 9.

37 lbid.

38 The Sydney Morning Herald, 19 January 1901, p. 2.

39 Ibid, 27 December 1900, p. 6: “Amusements”.

40 Ibid, 19 January 1901, p. 13: “Amusements”.

41 National Library Correspondence file P21, A. J. Perier to H. L. White, 26
October 1953.[...]umiere negative to Edison
positive was undertaken on this occasion so that the film could be
projected on Alex Gunn’s machine at the Melbourne Town Hall.[...].

44 The Sydney Morning Herald, 21 January 1901, p. 8: “Amusements”.

45 Argus (Melbourne), 25 J[...]ry 1901.

47 Bendigo Advertiser, 4 February 1901, p. 1; Bairnsdale Advertiser, 21
February 1901, p. 2; Mt Alexander Mail, 9 February 1901 p. 2.

48 The 1 January 1901 coverage of Federation[...]y revived by
the Salvation Army touring companies in the course of their exhibitions
of Colonel Peart’s lecture “Under Southern Skies” which premiered on
10 August 1902 at Prahran (Melbourne).

49 The South Australian Register (Adelaide), 9 February 1901, p. 5; 11
February 1901, pp. 3, 8.

50 The Mercury (Hobart), 5 February 1901, p. 3; 6 February 1901, p. 2; 7
February 1901, p. 2.

51 The Daily Telegraph (Launceston), 16 February 1901, p. 4; 18 February
1901, p. 2.

52 Brisbane Courier, 9 February 1901, p. 7; 11 February 1901, p. 4.

53 Maryborough Chronicle (Queensland), 12 February 1901, p. 3; 16
February 1901, p. 2; Roclehampton Morning Bulletin, 21 February 19[...]01, pp. 2-3; 5 March 1901, pp. 2-3; 8 March 1901, p. 3.

54 Clement Semmler, The Banjo of the Bush, University of Queensland
Press, 1974, p. 133.

55 State Archives of NSW ref. 1/164 Govern[...]ce, copies of
letters sent, book 25, departmental p. 232. Government Printer to Agent-
General for NS[...]rchives,
Melbourne.

59 Cinema Papers, June 1994, p. 66.

60 Australasian Photographic Review,[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (83)“Quality, Innovation,
CONTINUED FROM P. 27

HOOKS: You’re absolutely right, but that w[...]nd with
aggregation. Whereas television producers in Victoria used to sell
their projects to Victorian[...]at the network board table, now they have to get on a
plane and sell them to the executives in Sydney.

My interest is not specifically financial. In the mid-’80s, when
people were fairly unhappy with 1OBA films, the best drama
made in Australia that year could well have been something made
for[...]ed.
You could get a film off the ground without a distributor or any
kind of marketplace stamp of approval. Wit[...]that it was
something they wanted to be involved in, something they wanted
to schedule.

They were ve[...]e that the
whole system collapsed the way it did. Australia was developing
a real export reputation in those mini—series, and, even at those
10BA pric[...]that was about half of
what you could make it for in England, and probably about a
third of what you’d make mini—series drama for in the States.

We all wish there were more mini—series. And, in fact, when the
ABC does them — Brides of Christ[...]ll and rated
beautifully. Clearly the audience is in need of these kinds of high-
production—value d[...]er the past couple of
years there has been a lull in independent documentaries, but
presently there are ten independent documentaries in production
in Victoria. That’s a lot for us. As well, five ha[...]definitely coming up.

What are the returns like on documentaries?

FITCHETT: They are low: between 8[...]for
features about 30%.

Do you get one-off hits in documentary as you do with features?

FITCHETT: Well, we weren’t involved in Cane Toads: An Unnatural
History [Mark Lewis, 198[...]ose projects and I would say the
expected returns on them are very low. The FFC is doing them as
a str[...]has been successful enough to warrant
an increase in the budget. We have substantially increased the
a[...]this year.

Given the activity you have detailed in features, shorts, documen-
taries and television,[...]increase of
about $27 million worth of production in the past year. We have
gone from, and these are o[...]nflated budgets or profit margins
that filmmakers in other states often get. I’m concerned about our[...]unctional level.

CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

FITCHETT: In Cultural Development, we fund organizations
such[...]active
multi-media.

HOOKS: We fund some of them, on an experimental basis, and
obviously we wo[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (84)[...]ined the discussion.]

What does Film Victoria do in
terms of marketing, as opposed
to AFC initiatives[...]It showcases work that
has come out of Melbourne in
the past three or so years in an
international forum. There are
eight features,[...]atre from 12-3 1 August. From
there, it’s going on to Washing-
ton DC to screen in the American
Film Institute’s cinema at theJohn[...]have are The Big Steal [Nadia Tass,
1990], Death in Brunswick [John Ruane, 1991], The Heartbreak
Kid, Holidays on the River Yarra, Nirvana Street Murder [Aleksi
Ve[...]on is the interactive nature of the industry here in Melbourne:
how the filmmakers move between the va[...]gh the
Independent Filmmakers’ Fund and then go on to do a low-
budget feature, or are working on a feature, or doing corporate
work or a documenta[...]rn-
ment Film Unit.

The season is being launched in Melbourne by I-Iaddon Storey
on 29 July and in London as well at Australia House on 12
August. The opening night film in both London and Washington
is The Heartbreak Kid,[...]articular time and I think they represent
a phase in Melbourne filmmaking. I don’t think the same ideas
are necessarily going to be carried on with.

HOOKS: We felt that those groups of films[...]law

MJSTHlLlpl

NATIONAL Fm THEATRE
Lounou U.K.

\

_ . 1 12-31Ausus’H994

creative and financial successes, in
Australian terms of box office. Peo-
ple hadn’t[...]e theme, the genre
platform, that was represented in
the films.

MELBUURNFE

WRIGHT: I went to the Lon[...]. It’s
something people can latch onto.

HOOKS: In terms of other market-
ing, we have done the SWOT analy-
sis — Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportuniti[...]tion, the ACTF, Crawfords, Jonathon Schiff and so on,
Melbourne is a little hub of excellence.

Next year in March, the World Summit on Television and
Children will be held in Melbourne. That’s something we are all
looking forward to, and will certainly put Melbourne on the
international map.

It’s an interesting time in television all over the world. Some
of the countr[...]ers, and have
always taken a significant interest in children’s television, are
being threatened by[...]echnologies, satellites cross-
ing borders and so on.

Equally, in the States, where they have always had a really f[...]ly don’t want a diet
of crap from 6am to midday on a Saturday morning. Isn’t there
something bette[...]free enterprises of the world.

So, they look at Australia, which has a combination of public
broadcaster, c[...]t
emulate. It’s quite extraordinary: little old Australia is leading the
way. That is an interesting develo[...]Traps (98 mins), which was theatrically

released in Australia in 1986. The AFC has also funded Aleksi Velli[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (85)T

CONTINUED FROM P.10

will always be prepared to give me a go, or a[...]would really like to have it. If it doesn’t fit in,
it doesn’t. But I know now I’ve become part[...]g up and Priscilla seems certain to be

nominated in many categories. How seriously do you take the
AF[...]ix at Brussels. I’m looking at the trophy right
in front ofme now. It was an absolute thrill to win[...]t, it has been noticed. Back here, it was entered
in the AFI Awards and got one nomination, for costum[...]I’d voted, and here I was getting a major
slap in the face. For example, Guy Gross’ work is one o[...]et to you is that you should keep
your mouth shut in the press a bit more.” So, that’s how this

s[...]. Well, fuck them. I decided not to put Priscilla in
the AFI Awards.

Unfortunately, most members of the crew, many of whom are
on their first film, came to me one by one and said,[...]k and a half ago I cracked. What I said is put it
in, but I don’t want to know about it. I’m not g[...]feel the same about the FFC.

The FFC got dumped on a while ago on the press by a very snaky
argument. Well, I’ve[...]it was so
incredibly difficult, has had a change in management. Andrena
[Finlay] went in there and so did Katrina Hughes, who is so good
in negotiations at Cannes. She just keeps them runni[...]ars to compete with expensive American
films head on. All we are left with at the end of the da[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (86)[...]ers regrets it cannot accept information received in a different format, as it does not have the staff[...]ent

Script editor Doug Stanley
Casting Maura Fay & Associates

Budgeted by
Production Crew
Prod. man[...]nt Agency Investment

Production FFC
lntemational distributor Beyond Distribution
Synopsis: Glad Rags is a costume hire shop in
a busy city. Lizzie Forbes lives above the shop
w[...]y or a
detective, often with hilarious results.

ON OUR SELECTION
Prod. company Anthony Buckley Produ[...]nathon Stheinman
Scriptwriter George Whaley
Based on original novels by Steele Rudd
DOP Martin McGrath[...]tor

Legal services
Camera Crew
Kev grip

Gaffer

On—set Crew
1st asst director
2nd asst director
Co[...]FC

Icon Productions Inc.
Marketing

lntemational distributor

Majestic Films

Cast: Leo McKern (Dad), Joan Sutherland

(Mother).

Synopsis: A rural comedy based on the Steele

Rudd novels.

[No further details sup[...]omantic black comedy about Minnie
and Flo, widows in their mid—sixties, who be-
come embroiled in a macabre plot when a corpse
and a cop both decide to take refuge in the
disused pawn shop that is their residence.

R[...]tudying Law at Brisbane University makes
her mark in an arena traditionally seen as a
domain of men.[...]Laan
Grip Charlie Kiroff
Electrics Charlie Kiroff
On—set Crew
Continuity Beveriey Freeman
Make—up[...]ton
Gaffer Paul Johnstone
Best boy Simon Higgins

On—set Crew

1st asst director
2nd asst director
3[...]try boy, cross
dresses and joins an all-giri band in town for the
local festival. He falls hopelessly in love with
band member Angela, who is flirt[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (87)[...]reg de Marigny
Generator operator Greg de Marigny
On-set Crew

1st asst director Euan Keddie
2nd asst[...]Park
Glen W Johnson
Marita Mussett

Standby props Dean Sullivan
Wardrobe

Standby wardrobe Isobel Carter[...]y Tim Morrison
Generator operator Chris Shananhan
On-set Crew
1st asst director Chris Webb
2nd asst di[...]ing. I decided to change my life. I took my life on
as a project. Do you understand what I‘m stay-[...]er-loader
Kev grip

Asst. grip

Gaffer

Best boy

On-set Crew

1st asst director
2nd asst director
3rd[...]riters Richard Franklin

Peter Fitzpatrick

Based on play by Hannie Rayson
DOP Geoff Burton
Sound reco[...]years old), Aaron Wilton (Jim), Billy Trott (Jim
in his twenties), Bobbi-Jean Henry (Jem),
Francesca[...]ers, Traveltoo

Motoro|asBrett Woodhouse. Hirecom Australia

Camera Crew
Focus puller
Clapper-loader
2nd unit[...]Tim Joy
Camera type Canon 1014XL-S
Gaffer Tim Joy
On-set Crew
Continuity Danica D. B.
Boom operators T[...]John Tate
Gaffer Derek Jones
Best boy Mark Watson
On-set Crew

1st asst. director Vicki Sugars

2nd as[...]s (Sister Paula),
Maureen Green (Sister Theresa), Dean Nottle
(Gentleman), Nicholas Findlay (Tommy), Car[...]ather Hughes)

Synopsis: Mary MacKiI|op is one of Australia's
little known heroes. Despite excommunication
an[...]n-
dreds of thousands of people around the world.
In January 1995, Mary will be beatified by Pope
John Paul II in Sydney as Australia's first saint.

NAPOLEON
Prod. companies Film Australia
Furry Feature Films
Principal Credits
Dire[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (88)[...]anderson), Marc
James (Felle)

Synopsis: Isolated on a remote planet, the crew
of research station Orp[...]y of each other and the
hostile world they reside on.

TUNNEL VISION
Prod. company Avalon Film Corpora[...]Angella McPherson
Michele D’Arcey

H. W. Wood Australia
Film Finances

Martin Cooper & Co.

Travel Jet Aviation
Freight co-ord. Jet Avia[...]e trailer Clark Film Services
Cast van Starwagons Australia
Unit truck Starwagons Australia
Qld liaison Pacific Film & TV Commission
Camera Crew
Camera operator Paul Mu[...]trics Mick O’Brien
Casual electrics Paul Klican
On-set Crew
1st asst director Bob Howard
2nd asst di[...]d at Atlab
Opticals Rick Springett
Titles Optical & Graphic
Laboratory Movielab
Lab liaison Martin Ho[...]nt Agency Investment

Production FFC
Pacific Film & Television Commission

Marketing
lntl. sales agen[...]r holds the ace card and decides to play his
game on his terms.

DOCUMENTARIES

THE BIGGEST RISK

Prod[...]untant Mandy Carter
Insurer Tony Gibb, H. W. Wood Australia

Completion guarantor Film Finances
Legal service[...]sabilities deal with
issues relating to sexuality in their daily lives.

BOYSTOWN
Prod. company Emeral[...]ntant Jane Cordon,

Moneypenny Servies
H. W. Wood Australia
Film Finances
Heidtman & Co.
Margaret McNal|y

insurer

Completion guarant[...]16mm
Screen ration 10:1
Shooting stock Kodak 7298 & 7293
Video transfers by Omnicon
Off-line faciliti[...]ctive elements
of youth, culture. crime and music in the urban
and rural areas of Papua New Guinea.

T[...]velopment Film Victoria
Production FFC

Synopsis; On New Years Eve 1991 . 56 Chinese
Nationals landed in a wooden boat - code named
“Isabella”, on the shores of far north western
Australia. Afterweeks in the desert, all survived,

but were soon placed in detension at Port Hedland
with more than 300 othe[...]Streeton

Sound transfers Soundfinn
Sound editor Dean Gawen
Mixer Dean Gawen
Opticals Cinevex
Apocalypse
Titles Cinevex[...]ces and family lives of a
number of children born in Melbourne in 1990,
the film poses the question: “What are th[...]y.

MISSING: PRESUMED ALIVE
Prod. company Carlyon & Rivette Pictures

Budget $349,909
Pre-prod[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (89)[...]ABC
Publicity ABC Publicity

Synopsis: Each year in Australia hundreds of
children go missing...many run away t[...]r Niobe Syme
Prod. accountant Tony Weller

Hannan & Co
Film Finances
Rob Carton—Smith

Insurer
Comp[...]pment Screen West
Production FFC
Marketing

Intl. distributor RPTA PRIMETIME

Synopsis: Atwo-hourdocumentary special which
tells the tales of AustraliaAustralia Council, NSW l-‘TO
Production ABC/FFC
Cast: Syd[...]how
it has become a symbol of changing attitudes in
contemporary Australia.

See previous issue for details on:
ANATOMY OF A UNION
BEYOND THE DREAMTIME
CONVICTIONS
ECHIDNA — THE SURVIVOR
GOING TRIBAL — DROPPING OUT IN
THE 905
A HOPE IN HELL
THE INDIAN CONNECTION
NOT WHAT A NICE JEWISH[...]era assistant
Grip

Camera type
Gaffer

Best boy

On-set Crew

1st asst director
Continuity

Boom oper[...]Wilson
Melissa Lintot
Melissa Lintot

Judy Brown & Associates

Ivan Sen

Simon Gray
Phillip Laverty[...]nopsis: Experimental form of cinema which
focuses on the human subconscious, body lan-
guage, Freudian[...]Art director
Camera Crew
Camera assistant
Gaffer

On-set Crew

1st asst director
Continuity

Boom oper[...]a|-

ian society.

See previous issue for details on:
ARMOUR
IN LIVING MEMORY
LESSONS IN THE LANGUAGE OF

LOVE

ROS|E’S SECRET

AUSTRALI[...]ISION 8:,

RADIO SCHOOL

See issue 99 for details on:
THE STRANGER

FILM AUSTRALIA

SPELLBINDER

Prod. company
Principal Credits
Dir[...]ist
Editor

Prod. designer
Costume designer

Film Australia

Noel Price

Noel Price
Polish Television
Ron Sau[...]oy

Electician

Asst electrics
Generator operator
On-set Crew

Liz Mullinar

Glenda Carpenter
Janusz B[...]TELEVISION OFFICE

See previous issue for details on:
BOOKLAUNCH
FUNDS BOOST — NEWSIARCHIVAL

TELEVI[...]grip

Asst grip

Gaffer

Best boy

Genny operator
On-set Crew
1st asst directors

2nd asst dire[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (90)[...]FC
Film Victoria
Film Queensland

Marketing
Intl. distributor Beyond Distribution

Cast: Marzena Godecki (Neri)[...]THE FEDS (tele-feature)

Prod. company Crawford Australia
Dist. companies Eaton Films
Modicum

5/4/94 — 2[...]Anthony Tulloch
Generator operator Chris Shanahan
On-set Crew
1st asst directors Brendan Campbell
Chri[...]er Peter McNee

Studios
Post-Production

Crawford Australia

Post-prod. supervisor David Birrell
Editing asst[...]n

Music editor Chris Pettifer
Mixed at Crawfords Australia
Time lapse Digital Arts Film & Television
Titles David Birrell
Jon Holmes

Trout[...]IRE (mini-series)

Prod. company Extra Dimensions in
association with

Liberty Films

Beyond Distribut[...]Asst grip

Gaffer

Best boy

3rd Asst Electrics
On-set Crew

1st asst directors

2nd asst director
3[...]story of a platoon of firefighters.

HALIFAX F.P. (tele-feature)

Prod. company
Dist. company
Budg[...]ra Crew
Focus puller
Gaffer

Best boy
Electrician
On-set Crew
1st asst directors

2nd asst director
3r[...]rew Walker
Steeves Lumley
Film Finances
Marshalls & Dent
Perfonnance Travel

Angelo Sartore

Dick Tum[...]N
POST-PRODUCTION

See previous issue for details on:
JANUS (series)
LIFT OFF 2

CINEMA PAPERS 101 - 91

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (91)[...]wERs HAS RATED A SELECTION or THE LATEST RELEAsEs oN A scALE or 0 T0 10, THE LATTER BEING THE OPTIMUM[...]TTAN MURDER MYSTERY Woody Allen

MURIEL'S WEDDING P. J. Hogan

LES NUITS FAUVES (Savage Nights) Cyril[...]RDEN Agnieszka Holland

SPEED Jan De Bont

SPIDER & ROSE Bill Bennett

THE SUM OF US Kevin Dow[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (92)[...]formats.

Alternatively, material shot and edited on
video can be D.E.N. Kined and then
telecine trans[...]INEVEX FILM

LABORATORIES

l5—i 7 Gordon street
P.O. Box 355. Elsternwick,
Victoria.3 i 85 Australia.
Phone: (03) 528 6188

(incorporated in Victoria)

TXT

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (93) COVER:
GIA CARIDES IN BEN LEWIN'S

'LUC KY BREAK*

plus S T E P H A N E L L IO T T 'S `PR ISCILLA, QUEEN OF TH E DESERT*
V IC T O R IA N S U P P L E M E N T : `Mu r ie l 's w e d d in g ' / `LUCKY b r e a k '
AND: `ONLY THE BRAVE' / `BAD BOY BUBBY' / `COUNTRY LIFE'
AUSTRALIA'S J^RST FILMS: FILMING FEDERATION

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (94)[...]pro facilities, consolidate its staff on two levels and[...]with a shop-front marketing capacity. Ireland:
In the Ken G. Hall obituary by Neil McDonald
[Cine[...]an Gene Conkie worked with Hillcoat on the screen There was an existing theatre structure already
error in one of the photo captions, pages 14-15. play of Ghosts ... of the Civil Dead, which was in place, which we have improved. It was a
The r
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (95)[...]slate.

The program s should be targeted to the p rim e-tim e docu m e nta ry slots in the SBS
schedule, w h ich are The C u tting Edge[...]ssues.

The proposals should reflect aspects of Australia's pluralist society, and should be
forw ard look[...]. Applicants are encouraged to deal w ith issues
in positive and innovative ways. The program s shoul[...]l w ish to see a clear reflection o f its charter in the issues treated in the
proposal as w e ll as an active engagem ent in the de ve lo p m e n t o f NESB ta le n t
both on and off camera. Applicants are advised to give th[...]fo r
co n sid e ra tio n by the FFC fo r fu n d in g . The bud get ce ilin g is set at $190,000. H igher
budgets w ill o n ly be considered in exceptional circum stances. A p p lica n ts should
include all FFC cost re quire m en ts w ith in th e ir budget.

To q u a lify fo r considerati[...]r w h ich explains the proje ct and w h y it is a p p ro p ria te to SBS, a tre a tm e n t,
a co m prehen sive budget breakdow n, a proposed p ro d u ctio n schedule, CV's o f the
prod[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (96)[...]The w orld is drow ning in polities[...]push the envelope.
Priscilla, as nearly everyone in Australia presumably knows by
now, tells the story of two[...]me, with a cute image
they travel across half of Australia to climb a rock and put on a and nice values.
show[...]d blow your box apart, 'cause it's
also released in Australia this year, Priscilla stars Terence Stamp the[...]at more than the shock value.
PART 1 : RECORDED IN CANNES, M AY 1 9 9 4 , THE DAY
AFTER P R IS C IL L A 1S M ID N IG H T SCREENING IN UN They'll forgive it. You're r[...]here Tick says, "Bernadette has left her cake out in the rain ..."
the hardest. It's tough having to[...], whereas the Americans laughed for
at 2 o'clock in the morning. I've fallen asleep in every single ten minutes.
midnight screening I've been to. I even fell asleep in Strictly
B allroom [Baz Luhrmann, 1993].[...]B allroom . It was a different film in different territories and it
You did not![...]You touch on why your characters are the way they are in a very[...]h for them. Yes. The world is drowning in politics. We are not allowed to
I could see it.[...]ay issues. Any film that's gay themed is drowning in its own
amazing. People pulled the seats up and[...]I originally went to the Mardi Gras people in Sydney to see
It was much more subdued and polite. The film worked on a about props that we could hire.[...]ly excited. But
different level - the emotional. In San Fran, they laughed at all the when they re[...]kers go home", portrays queers in a bad light", and on and on. Politics!
Bernadette and Bob's love scene, thin[...]exual sees herself as a woman and is more subdued in her
ovation afterwards was such a lift-up.[...]aken over. It's stepped beyond that, particularly in[...]It is the world leader, though it's happening now in the
But isn't this the sort of audience you are[...]States and elsewhere.
the-road, with an emphasis on young people?[...]g this afternoon at 6pm. Hugo Weaving says in the production notes, "It's liberating to
It wil[...]d test. dress up." W hat's the kick for a male in all that imitation
I'm desperate to see how it w[...]. In Sydney, I had Hugo, Guy and Terence done up in the most[...]went wandering around the town.
6 . C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 01[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (97)[...]PART 2 : RECORDED BY PHONE IN A U S T R A LIA ,
be ourselves.[...]a good time doing it?" It's the America in a very, very big way.
same thing. It's the need[...]ared to They are racing to get us open on August 7 . 1have to do this video
P risc illa ?[...]tomorrow and then I'm flying out to do 26 cities in 26 days.

Ambivalent. Last year, there w[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (98)[...]have ever conceived of offering it to him.
down on by women, because there are not a lot of female roles
in the film and the ones that are there are not treated all that It was the same with Phil Collins on Frauds. Phil was com
positively.[...]f people have said she's your typical round on Snow y River, and I said, "Let's turn him into a[...]e just love him anyway. He can't
How do you feel P riscilla compares to a film like Savage N ights[...]ights deals with political correctness. It takes on issues
- AIDS and promiscuity - and faces them d[...]death with movies. All I want to do with
touches on issues like AIDS and then steps right over them.[...]ill have tried.
didn't you face more gay issues in the film? There are a lot of
important blah blah[...]have a capacity to explore things that won't be
in on me. I said, "Hey, if you want to make that sort o[...]al here - a very funny, tasteless,
brash, loud, in-ya-face film. I didn't want to get into that. I t[...]ut I didn't. that they are very colourful and in-ya-face. But I've done that
AIDS is there."[...]ext project is a very dark love story. It's based on a[...]olutely fascinating short story. It is something
In P riscilla, you diffuse people's fear of drag queen[...]50s musicals. The
theatrics were just so big and in-ya-face and I realized this was it;
this was the[...]k. Drag queens are the
most undisciplined people on earth. Their evening kicks in at
about 11pm and when the sun comes up they go[...]can think o f." T hat's where Terence
Stamp came in.

8 . c i n e m a P A P E R S 1 01

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (99)[...]ink about that and that I was seeing every studio in town.
meet, but just keep passing. It will be a[...]I'd like to get under way. Everyone of them
On top of those, I have so many other things lined u[...]not too
is the Ayn Rand story I mentioned to you in Cannes, which I have sure if they're our cup[...]ght. It's the most astonishing story with them in the future, but, ah, look we have a script at the[...]in Cannes that they wanted to make my next film, no[...]I'll never do another gay film again. I've played in that The horror of development hell in Hollywood is that hundreds
area and I've had eno[...]something of thousands of dollars are spent on scripts every week. Execs
different. If you see[...]ll develop a screenplay by spending $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 on it. Then they spend
deserve a good kick up the a[...]repeating myself is one another $5 0 ,0 0 0 on it to make it a little bit better. But it's still[...]stage. Someone's head's on the chopping block. So, no matter
Yes.[...]aramount, for example, says it is very interested in putting
Good question. Michael Kuhn, with whom I[...]ased company that is really films have you in development at the moment?", and they said,
going fast, sat me down and said, "We really want to invest in "6 0 0 !" When I enquired how many of thos[...]ways sit at a dinner table
throwing as much wood on the fire as I can
until somebody basically snaps[...]rd back. We are still waiting.
There are lawyers on standby.

Have you had many overseas offers ?[...]re
throwing themselves at me. Every studio
came in and proposed a deal. There were
some weird ones,[...]have to do what he wants?

No, we will sit down in a room and have, as
he put it, "a screami[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (100)[...]What was the budget for P riscilla}

I'm going to keep changing, but I've[...]ry surprised how certain other people have jumped in Do you think that's a plus[...]appen a lot here, but
"Because someone famous is in it." I said, "But it's rat shit. It's
not funny[...]Everybody who worked on the production got a point.
Hopefully, one day y[...]much for thefilm in the first place. But I did get to make
The plan is to keep mobile. I'm on a good roll at the moment. I[...]e freedom
have all the European money interested in me; Priscilla was co- and a[...]long, because they were investors in the film.
wherever I want, I'll be able to retai[...]that dreaded $5m mark, you're in trouble. Fair enough,
fantastic. I was a real ha[...]. Every time I travel, I
just want to come home. In my future contracts, it will state that "horror" is the wrong word. It's a true story that happened in
I won't have to write the script in America nor do the post Melbourne wh[...]d I have a project somewhere up our sleeves. It's in
' r>[...]Priscilla in Comp

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (101)[...]Bill is a great actor and the things he did on T he H it were No, it didn't worry me. It[...]own and make you lean towards doing P riscilla even more?
laughed. He thought it was h[...]ngels or
Did you have to overcome any prejudices in playing Bernadette? demons. But they h[...]It is a different dimension altogether. In that sense, it was a big[...]the trip was being less than perfect. It in that moment when they get up and perform, they ar[...]ng did it take you to become your character?
In truth, it didn't matter whether I succeeded or no[...]ve a lot of time, really. I had a couple of weeks in
are just guys who jump into women's clothes. As[...]body waxed, looked for high-heel shoes
dress up in women's clothes and prance around, mouthing to ot[...]g liberated through dress Do you like Australia?
ing up. You obviously felt some liberation as w[...]nd fear. bad time there in the '60s.

Was that fear of failure responsible[...]some less Why was that?
notable films in the 1970s?[...]went there with this beautiful model called Jean
In the 1970s, I was really retired and did a lot of[...]Shrimpton and Melbourne matrons really pissed on us ... and the[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (102)[...]It is a film that rockets along in its modest way with its[...]"Mahogany City" narrative of heroin addicts in search of the
83 MINS, 1976[...]mpathy for its main characters, who
of this film in this particular context is to speak about damned are caught in the vortex of surviving with a heroin addiction in
films - films which go against the grain, films[...]ced work that avoids the more
coming back to you in so many different, ephemeral ways. It is fa[...]d mainstream Australian cinema. Deling conveys in graphic and
from our local cinematic soil.[...]te, the episodic narrative energy and the on his characters and storyline is another refreshin[...]the underbelly of this praiseworthy film.
Australia's recent film culture. To echo John Flaus here, this is a
film that reminds you, in so many different and engaging ways, Th[...]experiencing. Nothing is cheaply romanticized in this nitty-
recent film industry. Nothing I imag[...]reg
isters that are (to this day) often bypassed in Australian feature
and independent films.

12 - C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 01

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (103)[...]at
And, significantly, its characters are always on the move - surrounds these characters[...]dell's characteristic
of "pure shit". They weave in and around dingy apartments, high-vo[...]ouses, and one of the main characters on the move for the next shot. Helen
chemist shops.[...]s and class structures as if they were characters in a hard- who believes in his panopticon morality as the prescriptive
boil[...]credible characters in terms of their dialogue and actions. Phil[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (104)on himself to avoid capture. All we know is that he[...]hed from the old Papua New
`Commonwealth agent'. In classic com ic-book logic, they are the Gu[...]encouraged by reading. Two titles stick out in this regard: Jack
Serena (Frances Chin Soon), ai[...]p her boyfriend "hanging around". She
also cries in church. Yes, on many counts, C oral Sea is a bad film. My[...]full-time jobs was as a blacksmith's striker on the Queensland
railways in Rockhampton. There the railway workers held the
But, K ing o f the C oral Sea is my candidate for a neglected film Torres Strait Islander gang of fettlers in awe. They were the best;
worthy of reconsiderati[...]ce; and you bloody well steered
too rarely found in our cinema? (In this context, it is nice to know well clear of them while they were in town. They were also soon
that Lee Robinson was also a key figure in the television series, to be displaced - as[...]outt would say, we are just too just as in C oral Sea the Islanders on the pearling boat were, one
concerned to make Au[...]umes, to be displaced by the "aqua lungs" brought in by
morally, and politically5- that we won't allo[...]d
writing so much internal migration to Northern Australia, then have become more like that with Ne[...]King o f the C oral Sea comes out of a moment in Australian
quential yarn suited to the Saturday[...]g when industry downturn and a lack of investment in
slots of a black-and-white television childhood?[...]eling that new plant and equipment made a focus on the margins of
C oral Sea has much to tell us about film industry internation Australia's means of selling `Australia' internationally and na
alization as producers are now operating in an environment not tionally. This intere[...]oss Aus
far removed from the one Robinson worked in during the 1950s tralian visual and li[...]decision and the recognition of settler and Australia's margins in storytelling and settings. In doing so,
Australia's continuing colonization in and outside Australia that
made me focus on this, a Torres Strait, film? Is it the feeling th[...]D TAYLOR). LEE
this film indirectly interrogated Australia's ROBINSON'S KING OF TH[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 0 1
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (105)[...]South Sea Islanders came 3 Ibid., p. 285.
into focus. And with it came a foregroundi[...]elations 4 Tom O'Regan, "Australian Film in the 1 9 5 0 s", Continuum, 1:1 (1987),
persistin[...]ften complicit - and at best p. 11.
lightly questioned such colonial relations.[...]all bad. Russell Drysdale's (1994), p. 219.
paintings and photography6 bear com[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (106)[...]thousands of dollars.

2 . SAVE with no on-going bank fees.
3 . SAVE with ho[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (107)[...]n a Stevens), in the end Stevens thought T he Clinic
religious fa[...]had "the same soft, humanist love in it".4 It is
a slut in there. It reeks of sin. "Must be a friend of your[...]ng woman with herpes is
Mood changes quickly in T he Clinic. Comedy goes to drama[...]comforted, a patient who suicides
and back again in the space of a wink or a nudge. But by the end[...]cal transformed in a day. ("You're not such a
pub, softened and mor[...]ul young
condition of his own. Eric examines him in a toilet. "All your[...]muster a laugh between them in spite of it all.[...]two gay patients strike up an
1975) and `B r e a k e r ' M orant (Bruce Beresford, 1980; co-scripted[...]at the same fairy story" element he mentions in relation to "U n dercover"
time foreground perti[...]nal love story treated as "natural" denial in the new film not hear "Life Could Be A Dream" pla[...]espite the ensemble strength of T he Clinic, it's in Chris[...]hat Stevens is quite shameless. He is nosed on-the-ground realism and live-your-dream openness i[...]ose
poor ignorant prudes out there. At one stage in The Clinic, Wilma main protagonist [...] is[...]this affecting
(Betty Bobbit) appears incognito in black wig and dark glasses, either his vi[...]s us all sexualities.8 The identity politics in T he Clinic are not of the
short with a perfect[...]death have become firmly yoked together again in popular[...]clinically-curable diseases in this film seem benign, but it needs[...]1 There are no character names given on the front or end credits of The[...]Cinema Papers, 44-45, March-April 1984, p. 12.

3 The Screening o f Australia Vol. 2: Anatomy o f a National Cinema;[...]Currency Press, Sydney, 1988, p. 221.

18

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (108)[...]PA'S BELLO ONESTO
EMIGRATO AUSTRALIA SPOSEREBBE COMPAESANA ILLIBATA.

4 "Voyages of Discovery", op. cit., p. 12.
5 Ibid, p. 15.
6 Ibid, p. 12.
7 The Screening o f Australia, op. cit., p. 6.
8 "Voyages of Discovery", op. cit., p. 14. Stevens is responding

to Enker's question about whether Nina in "Undercover" is
supposed to be a lesbian.[...]n (Sharon), Ned Lander
(Warwick). The Film House & Generation Films. 35mm. 93 mins.
1983.

rR A F[...]Kotcheff films have become since 1971. For good
Australia Sposerebbe[...]released locally with English subtitles, the distributor "restricted[...]most screenings to Italian cinemas in m ajor cities, presumably
[GIRL IN AUSTRALIA][...]speaking fluent Italian"2. Unlike "W ake in F right" and W alka[...]o u t, B ello o n esto has never been seen either in repertory
114 mins, 1971 cinemas or on television, basically because there has never bee[...]a print in the country since its release.3
As the re-emergence of the Australian film industry got on the
way in the early '70s under a number of government schemes, the B ello on esto truly is a forgotten film, and not only as a[...]inema. The
was still an open door for filmmaking in this country. With film's s[...]Roeg's W a lk a b o u t andTedK otcheff's "W ake in F right", this film has managed to el[...]71 perhaps represents the tail-end of this avenue in a period of his films that I kn[...]Cunningham.1 W alka Modern Art in 1986 and the other here in Australia last year. But
b ou t and "W ake in F right" were fairly maj or foreign productions[...]t a repertory release would ensure some form
set in the exotic locale that is Australia, and, although made for of critica[...]ttle support by way of have been in 1971. The film certainly appears to be a slapdash
employment and experience in the path of a developing film and fairly dopey effort on a couple of levels: at times it employs
i[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (109) URBAN EDGE:
NEW URBAN CINEMA

FROM MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA

Film V ictoria takes M elbourne to the[...]URBAN EDGE: NEW URBAN CINEMA FROM MELBOURNE,
AUSTRALIA will screen in London and Washington DC in late 1994.

The season is a FTm Victoria init[...]ent
achievements of the Victorian film industry in the international arena.

The season showcases[...]al community.

* THE BIG STEAL DEATH IN BRUNSWICK
HOLIDAYS ON THE RIVER YARRA
* THE HEARTBREAK KID * PROOF[...]INO CHRISTMAS
KOORIES & COPS
* ROMPER STOMPER * THE LETTER

*[...]American Film Institute Theater

London U.K Washington DC U.S.A.

Film[...]) 651 4089 Fax: (03) 651 4090

20 . C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 01

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (110)[...]In fact, the first Australian film (covering the[...]VJRC D e rb y) was shot in Melbourne in
November 1896, followed a few days later by the[...]y assumed

greater prominence as a film capital in the 1920s and '30s. But Melbourne revived to be, on and off, the principal hub of the 1970s

reviva[...]Hooks and Chris
Fitchett of Film Victoria detail in their; interview).

Just as there has been an increasing interest in discovering and recording regional differences in pronunciation and dialect
throughout Australia, so have there been attempts to delineate regional characteristics in film. Film Victoria has just run a season
of films in London and Washington called Urban Edge, a collec[...]tural impact of the smaller states, such as South Australia, with its reviving industry, and_
Western Australia, which has battled bravely to make indigenous films, will be examined in future issues.)

Of course, a film culture is f[...]Image Makers Association has stimulated interest in innovative areas of image-making; the
Melbourne Cinematheque has been a pioneer in taking up the mantle of the defunct National Film Theatre; the film society
movement in Victoria has always been the country's most activ[...]ooled many fine directors and technicians; and so on.

As well, there are the many firms which are s[...]ourne filmmaking. Most of these have been covered in :

"Technicalities" stories over the years, but[...]also intends more company and personnel profiles in the future

(starting with Soundfirm and its contribution to sound in Australian filmmaking). ^_

In this supplement, space allows only a concentration on three recent Victorian productions: Ben Lewin's lu ck y Break; P. J.

Hogan's Muriel's Wedding, which while conceived and post-produced in Melbourne was partly shot in Queensland; and Ana

Kokkinos' 59-minute[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (111)[...]y S c o t t M u r r a y Film Victoria is one of Australia's longest-serving state film[...]bodies. Formed as the Victorian Film Corporation in 1976, it has[...]The aggregation in Sydney of the m ajor federal funding bodies,[...]ree and pay television, has placed added pressure on[...]W hat have been the m ajor changes in the past five years or so at[...]bodies in terms of cost overruns and terrible government re[...]nonetheless we did have a public bodies review in 1991. The[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (112)[...]Finally, there's the Commit

had already in fact incorporated, and the rest we took on board. ted Funding Facility of $ 2 .5m

W e've[...]elbourne Film Office to the tune of cessful in not only holding it
$0.5m from the Communi[...]hope to build it to $10m by various
means in future. That will provide the facility to discoun[...][1990], it went from $3.4m
established in 1986 and the New W riters' Scheme in 1991.[...]h we do
now. That manager is a great asset in terms of tying-up our[...]eporting HOOKS: I have to say we
was done on time.
worked very hard on that. T hat's the first thing. Resourcing for[...]ck, but to
incorporate and gross that data in ways that we can actually use to involve itself in.
appropriately. Using statistical theory in managing the whole
business has been a rea[...]eight months or so, since Barry Cohen. On the other hand, we had[...]are still essentially the same. important sector in the arts portfolio for leading the way into the[...]ade. Is script development concentrated on features, or spread evenly[...]nd how is that split up of everything on the basis that, given the number of features that[...]we make in Australia each year, people couldn't survive if they[...]weren't involved in other parts of the industry. Therefore, we

FIT[...]$300,000. tionate share.

In total, In d u stry Assistance for 1994-95 will be $3m. Because of Film Australia?
Then there is Creative Development, which is th[...]' Fund and the Docu HOOKS: Partly because of Film Australia, but also because the

mentary M entor Scheme:[...]inappropriately focused on Sydney and New South Wales.[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 101 . 23

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (113) h o o k s : "Overall, we have a 22.5% script development[...]e think that's
probably the best in Australia, although we can't get data out of any other agen[...]entage of a budget.

Do you find that imbalance in other areas as well? FITC[...]4 0 0 ,0 0 0 : On R om p er Stom per [Geoffrey Wright* 1992] it was
HOOKS[...]lation share and expect $340,000, and on P r o o f [Jocelyn Moorhouse, 1991] $300 ,0 0 0 .
to have that or above in terms of our output, I think we Depending on the total budget, it is about 2 5 % .
accomplish that in all other sectors.[...]a junior partner.
FITCHETT: The amount allocated in script development is a third
for features, a th[...]HOOKS:. That can be problematical. In situations where the
Do you aim to be that catho[...]our contribution gives it that additional clout. In situa
HOOKS: We set it at the beginning of the year. Obviously, half tions where we are in partnership with AFC, we may not get the
way or[...]llocate things. But we do target a certain number in each
category.[...]up, it's
rate. We think that's probably the best in Australia, although we just that we don't always f[...]FITCHETT: In fact, we haven't done one with the AFC since Body[...]HOOKS: We did P r o o f, R o m p er S tom p er, R eturn H o m e [Ray[...]Argali, 1990], H olidays on the R iver Yarra [Leo Berkeley, 1991]
FITCHETT: It's better than one in five, and B o[...]at was four to five years ago. [The film was shot in 1989.]

tion, or it's just a good selection of[...]when you are dealing with an industry

criteria in order to get that strike-rate up. We don't set it[...]mmunal committee assessment, of There is no point in developing something for a particular fund[...]nanced, that they can target. That is why
people on the staff and board of Film Victoria, all of whom[...]Film Victoria.
point would have a different view on practically everything - is

finally a good one[...]ped. Independent Filmmakers' Fund. In features, we are always a[...]junior partner to either the AFC or the FFC.
In 1983-84, for example, there were 40 new projects[...]W edding [P. J. Hogan, 1994], T he H ea rtb rea k K id [Michael

24

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (114)[...]DDO)
AND SERSEANT SAM PHILLIPS {GEBARD
KENNEOV) IN BODY M ELT (PHILIP BROPHY);
HENRY {PETER COYOTE) AND ORT {JAM IE
CROFT) IN JOHN RUANE'S THAT EYE THE SKY;
MARY {BETH CHAMPION) AND PETER {ADEN
YOUNG) IN PAUL COX'S EXILE. BERRIMAN {BILL
HUNTER) AND DALE {DAVID FIELD) IN AUCiNOS
TSIUM IOOS' EVERYNIGHT... EVERYNI[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (115)[...]flow these guarantees. As Jenny said, in the past we did do it on
We were involved in the development of M etal Skin [formerly[...]television pre-sale. On O cean Girl, for example, we could only
S p eed , Geoffrey Wright, awaiting release] and Ange[...]ork-consuming for a producer to have to do that.
in the marketing of L u cky B reak [Ben Lew in,1994].[...]olved with that hasn't been an AFC or FFC project in the past shoot and post-produce in Victoria. We advance against the[...]release], which they actually got to double-head on their HOOKS: The project has to go through t[...]ligence credit checks
own money and we just came in at the end to finish off. through[...]e counter parties to the deal.

Greg Smith said in his recent C in em a P apers interview2 that he W hat amount will you be able to discount in any year?
was concerned about the number of projects which the New
South Wales Film & Television Office had developed but couldn't[...]Will it have much effect on bringing other productions to[...]FITCHETT: Well, T he E leartbreak K id is a good example. That
FITCHETT: It is frustrating not to be able to put in more money. had a NSW producer, director a[...]ceiling at the moment of $50 0 ,0 0 0 , depending on how $400 ,0 0 0 as an investment, of which pa[...]it ended up being shot and post-produced in Victoria. That gave
which would then have genera[...]he laboratories, but also the cast and the crew.
in other areas.[...]the music, Peter Carrodus edited it, and so on.
T hat upper limit has been the situation for so[...]What other initiatives are important in bringing production to[...]offeJr,
very good. So, it is frustrating to get in a situation with one of our both nationally and[...]people, which builds on areas where we already have strengths,
HOOKS: It[...]clearly one of them.
respected. If we want to be in something, it's because the project
has passed o[...]d marketability" test. It I'm not big on locations, I have to say, as any kind of
has bee[...]be a very minimal
FITCHETT: We are so dependent on returns for our revenue that percentage[...]t actually make a decision about shooting
we are in the marketplace as much as other people are. And[...]ticular location, when a location isn't specified in the
look at who's on our board, they constitute a very good assess[...]it doesn't really have film studios.
tive in terms of financing. How did that come about?[...]he revenue base shoot anywhere, be it on the streets or in a shed. The studio
of the industry in Victoria. We started out with somebody who
was seconded to us to undertake an analysis of all our financial
affairs to see how we could begin to do that.

We used to do discounting on a very small level with different
project[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (116)business is one of the most difficult businesses in the industry. TELEVISION
World-wide, there is a huge over-supply of studios. Competition
in that business is a tough game. I wouldn't want to[...]re significant than it is
competitive strategies on a studio. now.

W hat are you doing in terms of attracting off-shore productions? HOOKS [surprised]: Oh ... oh.

HOOKS: There is an interest in off-shore productions, chiefly co FITCHETT: There is a boom in television production at the
productions. If you[...]moment. Just going through my list of productions in Victoria,
we have, it's producers with internati[...]f 13 half-
We had one series of M ission: Im p ossib le here some time ago, hours; T h e Feds,[...]a x FP, which
and a lot of the people who worked on it were very pleased that is another six te[...]certainly wouldn't want to deny involved in.
our community that opportunity. But I think the[...]ions, and to Practice, which is now been done in Victoria. There isJan u s at the
build from ther[...]d then you have the comedy side: Frontline, Full
on that. If Queensland has developed this specializa[...]then they
should be directing it to the rest of Australia. Unfortunately, they But there was that amount of television production back in the
often direct it to New Zealand, which I don'[...]eatures were labelled tele-features
the whole of Australia, anyway. The crews they use are from pu[...]etwork putting up the license fee. They made them in
enous infrastructure base, so our people often g[...]many of them have a television logo of some kind on the
I wish we could do it here. Why do we have t[...]land ?" head credits, such as Network T en 's on the Kennedy M iller[...]material and Network Nine's on many others.
Obviously, we can work towards[...]C O N T I N U E S ON PAGE 84
with Queensland over it.[...]DDIE (ANTHONY
LAPAGLIA) AND SOPHIE (GIA CARIDES) IN BEN LEWIN'S LUCKY
BREAK; RIGHT: HARRY (JOHN LYNCH) AND KATE (JACQUELINE

McKENZIE) IN MICHAEL RYMER'S ANGEL BABY.[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 0 1 . 27

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (117)P. J. H ogan inte rvie w e d by Jan Epstein[...]the firs t theatrical feature o f writer-director P. I. Hogan, who made the acclaimed short Getting W[...]nning, M uriel's was always a woman's story. For
in the Quinzaine des R
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (118)[...]JARRETT). TANIA (SOPHIE LEE). P. J . HOGAN'S MURIEL S WEDDING.

I actually felt[...]hat. I think that's the message of the film, too. In fact, that she is put upon. But, in the course of the film, she is the cause
I would[...]ll the events. She just goes after what she wants in a guileless
somewhat better about myself. It did[...]nally takes I wanted something to happen in Muriel's life that she had no
her life in[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (119)[...]MURIEL IN A BRIDAL-WEAR SHOP. MURIELS WEDDING.

happen t[...]ry selfish and self-centred man.
as it would be in life. It was a very deliberate decision to have i[...]e.
along when we expect it. It always sneaks up on us like a mugger,
and slips in the knife.[...]of her, and she hadn't shock to see them on the screen.
done much. When she first came thro[...]ng like I imagined Rhonda!" Is Bill based on anyone you know?

In the script, Rhonda is written as physically a lot[...]f "Bill
My idea was that Rhonda was an outsider in the same way that the Battler" in them.
Muriel was. When Rachel walked in, I thought, "She is so
beautiful. There is no w[...]hen Joce and I were travelling around Canada with P r o o f,
But then, when she read the scene for[...]hat she is an we met the Australian ambassador in M ontr

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (120)M u riel's W ed d in g is a very vibrant and colourful[...]FFITHS) AND MURIEL PERFORM ABBA MUSIC AT AN
film in a hyper-real way.[...]deal of affection for his
like from the script. In fact, there are a couple of cha[...]ers that do put the extremes of American society on film, like
skies above and beach below. It comes[...]nce the makes a film on American soil, you get a more penetrating view
t[...]have certainly seen them since travelling in the U.S.
doned on the way. [Laughs.][...]f girls from the Gold Coast. They are absolutely
in love with themselves and certain that there is no[...]tle bit daunting.

Sophie, I think, grew up in Newcastle and ran with a very We left it[...]actually happened or
similar pack. When she came in for the audition, she said, "I want whether B[...]I think that's one of the saddest moments in the film, because Bill
I think she is marvel[...]ook! I am an important man.
While the characters in M u riel's W ed d in g are larger than fife, You are all wrong about[...]number of people responding to the depth in the film. I think they
But the girls and the out[...]t the culture you are
I actually went a bit easy on them. The only thing I heightened is dealing with? It's interesting that Stephan Elliott also uses it in
their dialogue, which I made funny. Usually thos[...]sert [1994].
funny. They are crass without being in any way witty. I made
them witty in spite of themselves.[...]teenagers when ABBA hit Australia, and this was the music we
I bring a certain[...]things that Muriel
W hen we put Australians on film, even we can't believe it. feels, and ABBA spoke for me in a very simple but direct way. I

There must be a grotesque element in the subconsciousness of[...]CIN EMA PAPERS 10 1 -3 1
Australia which produces these characters.

It's just cul[...]ilmmakers
put those people from their experience on film.

But other cultures, like America, don't take the same delight in
doing it. We have a sense of humour about it.

In my experience, the humour we get from thes[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (121)[...]hat was your reaction to Todd M cCarthy's review in V ariety[...]at for good taste.
Muriel is very unhappy in the 1990s.[...]what I gather the film
When I was growing up in the `70s, I was unhappy. I wanted seemed[...]The film is very truthful and I
to have grown up in the '60s. I thought that in the '60s I'd be think he was expecting so[...]at you expect it to.
wanted to have sex with me. In the '70s, I felt very lonely and out-
of-date.[...]thought it important for Muriel not to feel right in her time. you. It's the most powerful of art-f[...]omantic vision for herself, but she is not living in a very into a cinema and the lights go down and[...]n always brought me back to what a woman would do in understand that.
the circumstance,[...]u riel's ?
film is done and its images are fixed in my head. They tend to wipe
away how you first thought the film should be. Yes. In a lot of ways, I feel that M u riel's might turn[...]Did you and [editor] Jill Bilcock work as a team in putting it
together? I'm sort of in the script now. Y ou 've caught me on a good day.[...]eeling very positive about it. If you'd
Oh, yes. In fact, we fought a lot at the very beginning, beca[...]doing this one!"
big blow-up, we finally decided on the shape the film should take.
Jill and I have[...]nything rather than write,
wonderful details are on screen, I'm happy. But Jill was actually so[...]do the dishes
thinking about where we should be in the story right now. and vacuum and[...]Who are the people you admire in film?
You have to cut stuff out. Film is as much what you leave out
as what you put in.[...]Looking back, what sort of effect did Cannes have on you?
B on n ie a n d Clyde [Arthur Penn, 1967], is one of m[...]ey are an eclectic bunch.
W hat about the impact on the film?[...]No, I love W om en in L o v e [Ken Russell, 1969] and T he C on[...]ederiqo
because I think there is a bit of Muriel in everybody. She is a Fellini, 1963] is als[...]nt? You obviously believe in entertainment, because they are all very[...]wanted to back
the project. They really believed in it from the beginning. Yes I do, thou[...]by absolutely cruddy films. J|
Ciby invests in filmmakers. They consider themselves a direc
tor[...]tely the right people for us.

32 . C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 01

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (122)[...]PRING STREET been making films in Melbourne for twenty
MELBOURNE VICTORIA years. His most recent feature That Eye The
AUSTRALIA 3 0 0 0 Sky starring Peter Coy[...]0 9 0 "Melbourne's a great city to film in. It's got
diversity of locations on its doorstep from the[...]could be
anywhere in Paris or New York. It's no accident[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (123)[...]ired
ferment in that so often marginalized area of Austral[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (124)[...]OS' ONLY THE BRAVE.
BELOW: DIRECTOR ANA KOKKINOS ON SET WITH ELENA MANDALIS.

Film Festival, it won[...]into tunnels, into darkness, into oblivion. In her dreams, Alex is
festivals at Venezia,[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (125)[...]passage from Anais N in's story,[...]W om an on the D unes. It is a book[...]she `borrowed' on trust from Kate.[...]ally gyrating and gesturing on top of[...]her school desk. Kate walks in to[...]scene in the toilet block, that has[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (126)[...]ODUCER FELLOWSHIP SCHEME

$360,000 is available in amounts from $8,000 to $60,000 to enable producer[...]FELLOWSHIP SCHEME

Up to $125,000 is available in the form of five fellowships (of up to $15,000 each) in Australia and two fellow
ships (of up to $25,000 each) ove[...]ication to the AFC, and an interest will be taken in proposals which are feature film oriented.

Clo[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 0 1 . 37

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (127)[...]M_____________________ I _______ ________ Back in Australia after his

A n d r e[...]French-made The Favor The Watch & The Very Big Fish*[...]shot early this year in Melbourne by OOP Vince Mpi

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (128)[...]of her head. She pursues him and, frontally?
in the course of that pursuit, she breaks her leg. P[...]out the genesis as if the first time you thought
On reading a transcript of the following interview, Lewin is no longer so
sure. He believes the film has taken on its own life and that the of an idea[...]nterview, therefore, is best read as a discussion on a work in process, and
not necessarily as an analysis of a completed work. s[...]in stop/start stages. At a certain point, there migh[...]on the plate, any one of which has a chance of makin[...]another movie to get my life back on the rails."[...]an autobiographical rites-of-passage, growing-up-in-sub[...]limb disability, which forces her to walk on crutches. Technically[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 101
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (129)[...]SOPHIE AND EDDIE (ANTHONY LAPAGLIA) LOOK ON WORRIEDLY AS EDDIES LAWYER[...]KY BREAK.

a writer, who lives much of her life in a fantasy world. It is much It's a physical thing, so there was never anything in
more exotic and much more of a turn-on then her real world. The th[...]d have written that! But we tried it and
dreams, in order to really cope with life. I don't know how[...]that it will be a shocking
I should put it, but in another sense it's a story about a woman's[...]personal the film is. Sure, I'm in there every moment[...]In terms of the "be yourself" moral, where does that[...]should realize she is as normal as anybody else
In my mind, she's never entirely become her own pers[...]come from? Is that something that you believe in?
as I did every scene I associated how I would f[...]point in your life you have to come to terms with what you are;
No, it's not profoundly personal. It's personal in the way that every you have to live with that.[...]be. There is a part of me that is always a
scene in which both characters have to express quite a lot[...]it's also saying this character is a writer, and in
one way she is incurable!
In the course of this reconciliation, Sophie hits him with her
crutch. Now that is something I've never in my whole life There is a sense in which people who are physically disabled
conside[...]. People
do would have been a hindrance, because in this sort of situation who are writers will respond to it in another way, too.
it's clearly not me but Gia Ca[...]capped people or writers, so there's a way in which both those
Is that her interpretation or w[...]re is no form of How much humour is there in the film?
words that contains the blinding truth[...]e one mentality! You know there
40 . C I N E M A P A P E R S 101 i[...]humour. You classically find it in the Steady Eddie act. He has[...]about being a spastic. It's about as in-your-face as you can get.[...]statement that Sophie is not a character in search of sympathy.[...]sn't need it. She is an incredible go-getter and, in her own[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (130)[...]Yes, but try and pin down the nationality of T he P iano [Jane
For example, I remember when I wa[...]Campion, 1993]. As far as I know, no one in the world out there
exploring on my crptches the neighbourhood of East Coburg,[...]an, or any damn thing. It really does seem to sit in
so I tentatively put my crutch into the tar and,[...]ny genre.
and the whole of me ended up face down in the tar. It wasn't then
terribly hot fortunately[...]less relevant these days. Films have become
In retrospect, it was me discovering the world and I[...], the laconic understatement that Paul Hogan uses in C ro co[...]e is a statement of fact. I'm a Jew who was born
in Europe and I still feel a lot of connection to Eu[...]ce I wanted to ask you about an overview comment on filmmaking.
where I've spent a lot of time. We migrated to Australia in 1949. What is the challenge and reward in making a film?
I then went to do my voyage of di[...]e or insightful this is going to be to
wandering in search for something, but actually enjoying the[...]consciousness stuff.
experience of having a home in more than one place. I don't quite
know where that puts me. I'm very Australian when I'm not in I used to get tremendous kicks out of writing because no one
Australia.[...]ing else. It was a great joy to have it published in the D ingo
Do the things you associate with when[...]people praised you.

In that sense, yes, my norms are European norms.[...]things".
For example, drunkenness never existed in my family.

But humour does, I presume.

Yes.[...]d glorified comedic
tradition. Did you ever feel in this film, because it is
out and out a romantic[...]hink I've come away from that a bit. I know
that in my earlier stuff it was kind of full-on folksy,
with European-like symbols. You c[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (131) Writing screenplays has now taken on a completely different probably trying to shock people. [See box.]
complexion in that, every time I have to make a decision to write There is an element of truth in that, but it's only true if you
a screenplay, I[...]care. And I suppose there are directors who are
In the old days, my preoccupation with a subject was[...]abled? You don't eliminate it, you incorporate it in your life.
the more you want to succeed in anything the more you have to Your de[...]you survive to a ripe old age. I've
become one, in some way or another.[...]ain. there. I haven't been disadvantaged in the long term. Who knows[...]what you miss out on if you don't know what it is.
Is making the fil[...]the film? On the other hand, I'd say that being a writer is th[...]for him to 1991 The Favor The Watch & The Very Big Fish - also writer
paint the Sisti[...]Break - also writer
never had such a nightmare in my whole fucking life." As di[...]1986 Adam's Australia (documentary, UK)
I don't know. We had a very b[...]documentary went to air in 1980, but the copyright on the programme
One is drawn to the conclusion, t[...]larly if you
have children and mortgages, and so on. But there are moments
when you are able to step[...]ng is a bit the same. When you count the moments
in filmmaking which are observably creative moments,[...]on as the orgasm does to the
total sex ritual! D on't draw that analogy out too far, but I marvel
wh[...]lles. He said directing
is just this biggest lie in the world. They all think it's difficult, but
it[...]mean, I can't believe that when Orson Welles was in the
thick of making T ou ch o f E vil that he ha[...]t-hearted
attitude of "Hey, it's the easiest job in the world. Everyone's
doing it for m e." He said that after 30 or 40 years and was

42 C I N E M A P A P E R S 101

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (132)Kine Recording

-- the next instalment

Following on last issue's survey of digital film transfers com[...]ice. I screened a in the shadows. With the rich blacks came
16mm demo[...]vely, of Cinevex. saying in any modern kine transfer - but it was[...]transfers of television line image structure in gradually slop
fered in Sydney, which are mainly aimed at the ing li[...](Although system together with Lemac - shoots on 16mm[...]footage to be incorporated in film productions. very tight-lipped about the[...]tune" show to be included in the feature A ngel velopm ents. The video ima[...]stores rather than in real time, but the system[...]nevex's demo roll consisted delivers images in not much less than real time.[...]and very little that dwelt on the screen long speculate on what techniques Cinevex have[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 0 1

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (133)[...]CAPTURING FILM TIMECODE.

__ Timecode on Film; on any frame, with generated either at the VTR[...]ll of a system, is stored, together with the on-film data[...]ith all operator or from the database created on set, in
occupy a remarkable amount of the industry'[...]tems for editing or
and rubber edge numbers on the sprocketed[...]try standard
sound tapes worked well enough in simpler[...]and audio tracks at rushes and-Xeeping them in this[...]n information can also be burnt in to up to 11
- by way of Keykode and timecode - have tered on a portable computer, or the BVE Log windows on the videotapes, and a limited amount
genera[...]timecode recorded on the videotape.
After several phases of[...]After processing the negative comes the
in-camera timecode system now seems to be a[...]tive matching. John Bowring matrix pattern on the film. The Keylink compu ards[...]system, and, with the news and the sound, in a Sony 7030 DAT recorder/ goes[...]e using the Aaton Keylink player, slaves in "chase" mode. At the start of crew[...]gital Cou each take (identified automatically on the film, ity, the chances of getti[...]Aaton purely for convenience
full potential in Australia. seconds, creating an artificial pre-roll timecode in post-production (although there are many[...], Keylink can still be
The system works in three stages: on the matching timecode on audio. Once located, the used effectively even without timecode-on-film.
set, syncing during telecine transfer, and trans two machines roll, with the DAT locked in sync
ferring shot data into a post-producti[...]in addition to the film 's time-of-day code. This, ON FILM; LAPTOP COMPUTER RUNNING SHOTLISTER FOR ON-SET
On the set, timecode generators in the cam[...]rboard pattern into each frame of nega
tive (on 16mm between the perforations; on
35mm outside the perfs and opposite t[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (134)to be in t

fo r

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (135)[...]Cultural Differences and Ethnicity in catalogues especially prepare[...]U CLA film and television archive in the U.S.[...]are now available for sale in Australia. Edited by Scott
Simon Wincer, Quigley Down[...]several of Australia's leading writers on film and televi
Bangkok Hilton, John Duigan, Fli[...]astwood and Unforgiven; Raul sion, such as K ate Sands, Women o f the Wave; Ross
Romero, Denn[...]Howson, Ron Cobb. duct; David Elfick's Love in Limbo, On and Collaboration: Kennedy Miller, Scott M urray,
The Beach, Australia's First Films. George Miller, Scott M urra[...]Lover, Women in film and television.
NUMBER 78 (MARCH 1990) Australia's First Films Part 2. PRICE: $[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (136)[...]U K /E u ro p e $48 $90 $130 $ 2 .4 0
I wi[...]st $_ TELEPHONE h o m e _______________ w o r k ___________________

Cheques should be made pay[...]___________________________ ________
BANK DRAFTS IN AUSTRALIAN DOLLARS ONLY S i[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (137)[...]e slates, where
the audio tim ecode is displayed on an elec
tronic slate, frozen when the clapper is[...]editor (or
telecine operator) to read it. Typed in at the
telecine transfer stage, this is e[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (138)[...]editing, resulting in a change of direction in

____ or: The close-up, the cutaway, a[...]ar editing has demonstrated a number of

OF THE AUSTRALIA (NORTH) SECTION OF SMPTE.][...]advantages for the editing process: edi

D O M IN IC CASE[...]t non
specifically at the recent massive changes in cast television. However, starting with[...]t, but it certainly can
editing has been adopted in the film and video ple discovered that t[...]ry faster than any comparable innova on their screens as well as lines of text.
tion, an[...]Of course, so far as the editing process is
on production and post-production methods So now, in an ever-wider range of technolo concerned,[...]gies, people are discovering that they are in problems, the greatest of these being the[...]e changes have been more far- deed set on the same course as others in of memory that's available, even for[...]ers of the previously unrelated areas. In many cases, images. But remember a few[...]ties, but the differences that have evolved in the into the racks at video houses and televisi[...]ing half an hour's worth of image on one disk
but what about parallel technologies?[...]. Memory is
Parallel technologies are going in the same hearing more about converging tec[...]rabytes - that is, a thousand gigabytes.

occur in sim ilar universes, but the inhabitants of that -[...]atch out for horror bytes!

each universe exist in complete ignorance of collision. It's unlikely to be head-on, but there
the others. This has been the case fo[...]developed, using (sometimes)
sim ilar technology in slightly different applica Newton comes in with his Third Law, and the My paper was[...]action. have concentrated on a brief close-up view of
application outside its[...]a, or imported
a bit of equipm ent normally used in another In fact, the principle is well illustrated by the ma[...]come back to T he in d u s t r y h a s to fin d w a y s[...]dle another ball goes flying out in reaction. another ball flying away. And th[...]happened. Linear concerns about what is happening in production.[...]convenience, quality or THE VANISHING WORK p r in t P roducers and
anyone who has successfully switche[...]ys of editing would biggest technical costs in a production is the
business uses sim ila[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (139)[...]T he m e c h a n is m of p a s s in g on th e s k il l s , of
INH ERITING THE CU LT URE, IS C O M P R O M I S E D BY[...]THE C O M P U T ER .

much less for 35mm. Atlab is adapting[...]transfer comes without resolve difficulties in the camera departm ent.
situation, with a return[...]enlightened telecine transfers, with reports on
one of the gaps left by the disappearing work[...]he work they the grading corrections applied, in a language
print - so fa r as business fo r the[...]? I could name many still use work prints in conjunction with non
The film work print had a s[...]age to be digitized, saving on expensive memory
will the close-ups grade in with the wide shots The director's team a[...]The traditional rushes screen to be just in Australia that the new system s are
will in the world, a video or com puter image ing in a theatre at the end of the next day's shoot ado[...]ese answers. No televi sim ply doesn't work on a video monitor, or even
sion system can really[...]ny reports of t r a i n i n g ISSUES Back in the editing room, an
35mm image, and of course a[...]end rushes other side effect has arisen. In non-linear edit
ital image isn't even a starter.[...]monitors don't have the brightness morale on the entire production. all th[...]concentrate on creative decisions. Fine. There's
dle the image[...]the advantages gained in editing in order to

cinesureLevel 10, 1 Elizabeth[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (140)[...]E S C A U G H T I N T H E M I D D L E O F T H E
on a personal computer, there's only room for
one person at a time, so the assistant has to by-frame in key num- w a r p a r e t h e NEGATIVE MATCHERS. THEY ARE BE-
come in at night to do this. But after digitizing,
ther[...]editorto do, and bers, video is meas- c o m in g the sole CU ST ODIA NS OF THE ARCAN[...]ust as the edit is getting interesting. But this in tim e co de : it
isn't just the classic effect[...]s to ounces. The trouble is a lot same shot twice in video, but a little harder in
One of the important functions of an assis[...]tion of of odd-ball techniques have evolved in video film, where a dupe negative has to be made[...]is that you can try a recut editing and in film cutting that don't really take before either shot is cut in. And they've all
without upsetting the original[...]parison. Some years
ago, colour-grading systems in laboratories were but separate technologies[...]dimensional warp ortim e making. I'm fully in favour of non-linear editing
tapes, and rewindi[...]ter and tunnel. Curiously, the ones caught in the middle for the reasons I've already given. But, in
more reliably. So, there are no trainee graders.
Back in those days, every grader had once of[...]een a grader for at least themselves now in the role of the ferryman, mis-cut. One[...]nstead of
before long, with no one to pass them on to, the to explain and account for the intr[...]properly, the to see the cut projected on a cinema screen, in[...]ming re negative, and the wrong pictures on the screen. It using the tried-and-tested rush[...]ps too fanciful - after all, has happened, on a number of productions, and provides for[...]about saving
edit. But the mechanism of passing on the skills,[...], I think, a genuine con across recently. In one production, the director labs may have t[...]e trans and they don't have an immediate check on the[...]laboratories, replaced by a small
single moment in time, but while we are study fully-graded transfer later on. Why should the chemical department out at the back of a couple
ing it, the world is moving on. There's not much camera department need to[...]sider what is going to production methods? In fact, though, the 24-to- the video engineers around town, I doubt if that
happen in the next few frames. 25 p[...]f scenario would be welcomed by anyone in the[...]f the original film industry - and not many on the video side
GETTING IT RIGHT Of course, non-l[...]ues to cause confu either.
wasn't adopted in film production in isolation of sion. There are perfectly accu[...]but there is too much room for someone in the These are some of the physical re[...]code, made
the actual m atch-back possible. But in actual In another case, short loads of raw stock Ha[...]full roll to fit a smaller maga more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than
te re dits is a headache. In theory it's simple: film[...]common practice. If it's not done are dream t of in your philosophy." The film
52
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (141)[...]lloura, provides Aus facilities in Melbourne, Auckland and, shortly,[...]ng their 20th birthdays this year: now centred in Melbourne, Sydney and, AAV Business Communications produces
there is AAV Australia Pty Ltd. shortly, south-east Q[...]a wide range of creative comm unications in[...]und the Twist,
When AAV was established in 1974, the The Man from Snowy River serie[...]electronic communications industry was in Rex H unt's Fishing World.
its inf[...], television series and pro size, in Australia or overseas.[...]Other recent developments include the in
video was state of the art. Today, we operate duction services. The increase in
in the digital domain enabling multi-layering[...]ost work can be at stallation (in 1992) of the Rank URSA digital
and doze[...]d integrity as of-the-art equipm ent housed in telecine and grading system, and (in 1993) the
the original image.[...]cent purchase of Victorian Film Labora
In many ways, AAV has been a major inno
vator in a complex industry, developing such[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (142) H R I S LO N G

Australia's First Films:

P art Ten: Federation[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (143)[...]Victoria gave her assent to Australian Federation on 9[...]0 0 8, and nine days later it was announced that Australia's
FEDERATIONVOTE FOR[...]Chamber-
ON[...]ed Australian Common
50.000 Votes must be Polled in Favor[...]unprecedented day's celebration in Sydney. A triumphal military and[...]Centennial Park. There, set in a natural amphitheatre with room for[...]age for the final act of Federation, the swearing-in of
attended the official Federation ceremony, at Australia's first Governor-General and Federal Cabinet.
which Australia's first film approaching feature[...]he
federation coverage survives, released on the NFSA videocassette[...]Committee to a design by Varney Parkes in a special plaster and
presentation --longer, more important in content, more widely[...]ute of the proces
shown, and more lasting in its effect on our production industry.[...]logans and flags with the Union Jack
IlflE P a t h t o F e d e r a tio n[...]0 local and imported Empire defence forces joined in the
independent British colonies with no[...]Boxer Rebellion were still in progress. 2 ,0 0 0 British troops from[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (144) Left: Earl of Hopetoun (1860-1908), who was sworn in as Australia's first Governor- light D epartm ent.21 "Soldiers of the
General on 1 January 1901, and as Queen Victoria's re[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (145)equipment on loan from the stock of Baker & Rouse. In aug uratio n of the A ustralian
The camerame[...]Army Limelight Department, had conveniently been in
Sydney for the week prior to Commonwealth Day at[...]ra positions at the Treasury Around 9 a.m. on 1 January 1901, the 15,000-strong proces
and in Park Street by the Citizens' Arch were probably m[...]ajor Joseph Perry directed sion marshalled in the Domain in reverse order of precedence. It
the proceedings,[...]he wood-blocked M acquarie Street, turning

In order to ensure the M ajor's swift passage from p[...]west into Bridge Street. The movie camera high up on the
point through the crowded streets, he ha[...]The following shot list, published by Baker & Rouse to permit
showmen to select sections of co[...]eir means and "A" REEL 1: 200 mounted policemen in full dress uniform lead the head
requirements, appeared in T he Australasian P hotographic R eview of the procession (cut). Eight Hours Day Banner leads the Trade
on 23 January 1901 (p. 25). Additional details have been noted from[...]NFSA video Federation Films (1991). spirit of Australia; 30 mounted stockmen and shearers from the[...]: Mounted New South Wales Lancers with emu plumes in[...]from the Boer War in varied uniform. Some members of the Sudan[...]Contingent of 1885 are seen "in mufti" towards the end. Meanwhile,[...]Above left: Hopetoun's carriage on its way to
Centennial Park on 1 January 1901 in Park Street,[...]tive Arch. The second movie camera position was in
the distance on the right, with the camera trained on
the passageway in the Arch.[...]Parliament House, Sydney, on Commonwealth[...]vast temporary grandstand on the right.[...]Far left: The route of the procession on Federation[...]high up on the Treasury, at extreme left. Hopetoun[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (146)[...]platform built to record the ceremony in Julian Ashton. Chu[...]the Swearing-in Pavilion can be clearly seen[...]on the lower right of this photograph. The[...]replacing a film magazine on the camera. leader[...]e with four men in powdered wigs probably has[...]Vice-Regal suite into the Swearing-in Mayoral carriage[...]B" REEL 3: Royal Engineers in wagon-borne pon[...]published in Australasian Photographic[...]Review, January 1951, p. 12. th[...]moment of Federation at the Swearing-in[...]narration now identify "Dub
Boxer Rebellion in China). 196 Artillerymen and Rangers of Victo[...]ria's recently-returned First Boer War Contingent in parade kit.[...]ps, 10 Royal Army Medical Corps, 4 Army Chaplains in dog
Smaller ambulance and service corps (cut[...]men, 30 Artillerymen, Victorian Scottish Regiment in kilts, Engineers[...]and Pipers, First New Zealand Boer War Contingent on their[...]impsed distantly (cuts). 52 Indian Native Cavalry in Native Cavalry in turbans, including Bengal and Bombay Lancers. 48[...]Infantry (in khaki); Western Australian Mounted Rifles, senior[...]C" SERIES: Near the Swearing-in Pavilion at Centennial Park. Swear
with crowd in foreground greeting Hopetoun's first appearance ing-in of First Governor-General and First Federal Cabinet recorded
before joining the parade in his open carriage with a NSW Lancer in considerable detail, from a variety of vantage po[...]ng section of film.
Australians to see action in the Boer War (cuts). Cavalry officer in Life Curiou[...]SERIES: Taken from the north side of Park Street in Hyde Park, in Pavilion down the red carpet flanked by sailors f[...]and Colonial soldiers. Admiral Pearson follows up in the rear
gives a fixed view of the passageway in the Citizens' Arch.[...]EL 2: Same vantage point, but with camera trained on the[...]Smith waits in Pavilion. Hopetoun shakes hands with a Premier's[...]and Deakin look on. Shot 4: NSW Premier Lyne sworn in to Federal

60 . C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 01

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (147)[...]bought the rights to show the Federation coverage in
minute 50 seconds).[...]EL 4: Pavilion entry steps from elevated platform on south-west of a travelling picture showman was not to his tastes.
side. 2:30 p.m.: the end of the ceremony. Naval and Military l[...]Review of 10,000 Empire Troops at Centennial Park on 3 one of the wires used fo[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (148)[...]ties invest the film with much of its and aliens in a strange land is both reinforced
energy and as[...]se manages humour as they negotiate life in cramped quar and upset in this scene, as in theirow n way they
to avoid most of the confusion and narrative ters on the bus "Priscilla", and amid the hostile[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (149)[...]shes, police brutality, and vio
certain elements in the film, the end product transmitters were built into Hope's lence in custody are all part of Bubby's experi
would hav[...]loving and hopeful, honest and
and Terence Stamp in this issue. Also, see Jan sion, we have[...]Bubby finds it and
Epstein's review of the film in "47e Festival Interna fundamental about his sp[...]cars, that has resulted in international acknowledg
Russell. Scriptwriter:[...]things about
Filmed Entertainm ent presentation, in association with was to film the different scene[...]fronts a pub rock
tor: Roadshow. 35mm. 102 mins. Australia. 1994. stemming from financial necessity[...]r budget was found, it still re in a lunatic, dramatic, staccato way, something
BAD[...]to everything performs bound up in cling-wrap. The Bubby
" It seems to me the b[...]u b b y has been compared with the In the film's very happy ending, Bubby mar[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (150) Nicholas Hope in this issue. Also, see Peter Moran's Bernard[...]HN HARGREAVES) AND DEBORAH VOYSEY (GRETA
review in "50a Mostra del Cinema di Venezia" , Cin[...]s, No. 96, December 1993, pp. 42-4. in a state of excitement),[...]icularly anx Celtic in its outlook and construction. The the
Ian Jones[...]isitors that, `new' Australia (as represented by the national
James Currie. E[...]ar. Composer: although they may live in istic doctor) battle[...]cringe is revealed as
Roadshow. 35mm. 112 mins. Australia. 1994. he left to find fame and fortune in England after needless, as Alexander is expo[...]tant in this ensemble cast, are the figures of the te[...]her loyalties
such as M uriel's W edding (P. J. Hogan), (Ron Blanchard).[...]tioned - but, unfortunately once
The Sum o fU s{K e v\n Dowling and Geoff Burton),[...]wife set up the viewer along with her role in the film wanes.
The A dventures of Priscilla, Q[...]albeit in an unsatisfactory and largely[...]o-aristocrat, ignorant and disdainful of in this film. John Hargreaves' performance,
overseas interest in it) comes a film with rela the Australian condition, and of his brother-in- while being overbearing at first, provides[...]the homestead going. It the few interests in the film, as he becomes a
tional standards, but[...]a multitude of original and exciting on the uptake, he finally comes to this climactic[...]film yet strangely attracted to it - in particular, to the turn to a middle-brow filmmaking that is pictur
depends on what one thinks of that once old[...]spiring at worst.
standby of our national cinema in the 1970s, the also the object of atte[...]cal cross-firing going on in the family to fuel the Scriptwriter: Michael B[...]ion designer: Larry
ues and viewpoints of `old' Australia - i.e., colo nized.[...]tume designer: Wendy Chuck. Sound
nial British - on `new' Australia - the people who[...]It is interesting to consider the film in two poser: Peter Best. Cast: Sam Neill (Max[...]Sally Voysey), Googie W ithers (Hannah),
a scene in which Max Askey (Sam Neill), as the[...]t of this theme, tor: UIP. 35mm. 110 mins. Australia. 1994.
shanty mining village. Against this scene[...]ry Fox), and his mother
Maud (Patricia Kennedy). In their large home C ou ntry Lif[...]eeling that the
they fuss amongst the house help in their nerv inspiration for the film[...]ation. It adds to the double bind
Jack's brother-in-law, and his newwife, Deborah that the film finds itself in: while seemingly an
(Greta Scacchi). The[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (151) p
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (152)[...]in the burglary and was secretly attempting[...]increase his While the performances in Fra u d s are di
DAVID VALLENCE[...]fight back and eventually confront him in his tradiction also seems to have cre[...]many of the pleasures to be
being spoken of in the context of its younger, and found in Frauds, but there is a distracting sense
mor[...]ivalence about Jonathan, wavering as
Collins in it. While it istempting and perhaps even laughin[...]and suffers from his extra-fictional
release in its own right, one must concede that the provide are dissipated in the fruitless attempt to status as the imp[...]te
Its makers, Latent Image productions (in the Rather than mixing its generic modes[...]f art design.
play with normality or banality in different and surreal effects, or to `darken' a story's humour,
possibly contradictory ways? In the context of Frau ds sets out to "bend"[...]`gotten it right' with Priscilla, at least on a formal
seen as part of Elliott's artistic impulse, although strategy is reflected in the film's migration from level, perhaps t[...]and the later scenes - removed from any
In the beginning, the tone of Frau ds is `natu mea[...]cers:
goes horribly wrong and Beth shoots the in[...]s a close friend. and Steven Spielberg on his directorial style, designer: Brian[...]production, in association with the Australian Film[...]Finance Corporation. Australian distributor: Hoyts.[...]35mm. 92 mins. Australia. 1994.[...]stories set in the Australian bush at the turn[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (153)rate on the final draft, has produced a sensitive bet[...]cAlister to Mrs McAlister so that the ing place on the screen. As Harvey-Wright
ries, and a charming film in its own right. film could explore anoth[...]s and feelings, rather than de
Penguin Books Australia has released a peating the tragic tale[...]nt and determined to are used at key moments in the narration and
Wright on the adapting and filming of these asser[...]s stories
time to fulfil your own requirements". In conver[...]Marshall recog The narrative focus on the three characters est account of the impover[...]going to be a writer.
A fundamental concern in adapting several boy. In adaptation, fourteen-year-old Alan is
individual[...]t this grace McAlister (c h a r lo tte r a m p u n g ) a n d e a s t oriscoll
lack of a key foc[...]film's climax or resolution. ancy to relations in the Marshall household;
Scriptwriter Peter Hepwo[...]Russell Crowe) as the main charac takes on a maternal role
ter, apart from young Alan himse[...]ide the necessary impetus for the film's in her cynically pragmatic
narrative. In both Marshall's stories and the approach[...]mance
cess to the physical definition of manhood in a from Frankie J. Holden),
small country t[...]d by one's power over a four and Grace, in whom he
legged animal.[...]lationship between East and through East. In the cli
Grace McAlister (Charlotte Rampling), th[...]land- true narrative resolution
owner. In a separate story from that of East of th[...]bold
into the moral codes of the early 1900s is in (and, I believe, success
cluded in the film in the adaptation of the story of ful) alterations[...]of his
Frank Gallacher). Linking Grace with East in the text. Throughout the
film draws these t[...]ully balanced to il
Ann Turner's involvement in the final script
draft led to a crucial change in the relationship[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 0 1 . 67
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (154) Filmed in the Clare valley of Adelaide, the[...]f tion to historic detail (Celia was set in the DIRK TRENT (PAUL CHUBB) AND SAND[...]e hills and a palette of colours essence on the screen. It is now three years f[...]than just the story of a young
hand of a corpse on frost-covered grass.[...]is further enriched by the stories lies in its ability to give life to his charac silent[...]ot Drowning, Waving. Its variety of ters on the screen. Crowe's performance as[...]repeated throughout horseman (he trained on his days off from symbolism of t[...]hich accompanies East and Grace's R o m p e r S to m p e r). Rampling does indeed have blows life deals out on the individual which
outdoor dance with Alan - and each time it star quality; her presence on the screen com mould and shape a pe[...]blows shape a piece of metal.
image on the screen. Production designer Ross whe[...]ding: See "Ann Turner's Hammers Over the
Turalla in the early 1900s. Alan. There are few scenes in which he does Anvil" , a location[...]the film's narrative focus.
erwise have resulted in a fragmented and over His only weakness[...]s off when she teams him with Based on the stories Hammers O ver the A nvil by Alan
sib[...]e adaptation of Marshall's other characters in intense exchanges - most Marshall.[...]ing (Grace McAlister), Russell Crowe (East
awake in bed to hear East's horse cantering father, especially in their bitter argument over Driscoll), A[...]South Australian Film Corporation & Harvest Produc
book under his bed; a shot of Eas[...]both its male and tions. Australian distributor: Roadshow. 35mm. 101
in a stirrup which conveys in an instant the mins. Australia. 1994.
details of his tragic accident. She explo[...]the Creteil International Women's Film Festival
in Paris and a commendation at the Edinburgh[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (155)[...]n), Rowan Woods (Professor Wauchop),
Th e H o ly P o ly M an is an entertaining contri o[...](Axel). Rough Nut Productions in association with
sounds quite cute, but when Sa[...]n Kolapore Management. Australian distributor: Total
Lyons) derisively calls Dirk Trent (Paul[...]ausible sex object as he Film & Television. 35mm. 93 mins. Australia. 1994.
"merely a roly poly man", she is not fla[...]d has and acts like Wendy Hughes in S u m n e r Lo ck e
suddenly surprised him (and[...]offspring (six) on to Trent for the weekend. On[...]realize they are movie buffs or not). It relies on roles as Mickey, Trent's respectable si[...]resident in Australia, graduated from the Austral
brood of six children circulating Sydney on the There are some very brief cameos that are ian Film Television & Radio School after having
tourist bus, but stat[...]made two striking shorts, H a n gu p and Th e S p a ce
chomped and devoured by the monster leech[...]perator, and Barbara screened in Un Certain Regard at Cannes.
A ra c h n a p h o b ia (Frank Marshall, 1990) and the Step[...]s (with Robert Carter). Based on characters taken[...]s music, the morgue, Vietnam in the early 1950s.
who also has a history as a sta[...]e detective genre and boy pleasure in crude jokes and language and Michael Duffield (Robert Reynolds) is ajour-
stir in the mutant creature genre, they rely on ooze-and-guts jokes (a handful of br[...]proved' pieces for those who employ him - in
audience.[...]s and laughs.
mittee has acknowledged this skill in giving Th e However, the very fastidio[...]As the film opens, and Michael and wife
R o ly P o ly M a n a nomination for Best Original[...]rive towards Daniel's
Screenplay. It is original in its absorbing of T h e R o ly P o ly M an is symptomatic of recent pl[...]evalence of parody, marriage is on a troubled course. They pause
wit (with Australi[...]n for Louise to take a pee in a forest, where
Stevens has recently shown in T h e S u m of U s tiousness and port[...]ake us laugh. M u rie l's W e d d in g (P. J. Hogan), T h e A d v e n (how could[...]tures o f P riscilla, Q u e e n o f the D e s e r t( Stephan[...]occupation in recent decades). To that extent, needs as individuals and as partners in a union.
T h e R o ly P o ly M a n is good for us. In particular, Louise fights to move beyond the[...]Kym Goldsworthy offer us a tongue-in-cheek drain and inhibit those close to him.
righteousness (as in Paul Cox's G o ld e n Braid, movie tri[...]bution to Ocker grunge.
1990), to funny slob (as in Brian McKenzie's[...]a n d G e o r g e 's N e w Life, 1992). He relies on THE ROLY POLY MAN Directed by Bill Young. Produc[...]e here and turns Dirk Trent into a local P eter G reen. E xecutive producer: Jonathan in part through fear. This is symbolized by her
con[...]. near film's end does she do this in an unneces[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 0 1 . 69
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (156)[...]think of, and be
bring about major changes on both individual[...]ity. Having gone to the trouble of shooting in
and social levels. The parallels with the Duffi[...]ties in a film or Thailand, as most `Vietnamese' prod[...]e. Many of the
overlords and exploiters; and so on.[...]s. exteriors are underlit, such as by the hut on the[...]eway, where several conversations are quite
On a structural level, these and other paral[...]namese as sition, but in this case (unlike her shorts) the
each o[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (157)B riefly CONTINUED FROM P. 2 Park Kwang-Su's B erlin R e p o rt { 1991) and To the the same time. A[...]ians.
the world. Since hosting the Olympic Games in (1992); Im Kwon-Taek's S opyonje (1998);[...]rs t Lo ve (1992); Kim Yu-Jin's O n ly B eca use
Australia'sthird largest export market and is poised Y ou'[...]J. Brodie Hanns, who has been C inem a P ap ers'
to overtake the U.S. for second place.[...]is moving on to new endeavours. All at the maga
Korea's c[...]Film Finances and AFC", pages 36 to 39 in issue
and to satisfy international art-house audiences. (Oxford University Press in association with the 100, the name o[...]Soames, was incorrectly spelt. C inem a P apers
The Festival will introduce viewers to[...]book, including the additional spelt in the cover photo caption and Bernardo
Kwang-Su an[...]years of 1993 and 1994, in November 1995. A Bertolucci's Christian name was misspelt in the
book of similar methodology on New*Zfealand cin heading of his interview (p. 4).
The eight features comprising the Festi[...]ITE 4, 200 TOORAK RD, SOUTH YARRA, VICTORIA 3141, AUSTRALIA NEW & UNUSUAL[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (158)[...](ZBIGNIEW ZAMACHOWSKI) AND MIKOLAJ (JANUSZ GAJOS) IN KRZYSZTOF KIESLOWSKI'S TROIS COULEURS: BLANC.[...]Finally, in B e lls from the D ee p, Werner[...]Herzog offers yet another obsessive and in[...]tense meditation on the intersections of reli[...]the translations in English with some gravity, for[...]times, his interest in outcasts, fanatics, vision[...]modernity and of rationality - in documentaries[...]such as E c h o e s from a S o m b re Em p ire , S c re a m[...]o f S to n e and L e s s o n s in D a rk n e s s -- remains[...]timely and provocative.

Six Short Notes on the 41st Sydney Film Festival[...]ABOUT LOVE (AND HOW AUSTRALIA
RAYMOND YOUNIS[...]countless approach, Bertolucci's insistence on the pro "Love triumphant[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (159)[...]ience; with the
eners. Nevertheless, the tension in Grape's life GOULD[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (160)[...]terful filmmaking. aesthetics in any sense in Trium ph des W illens haps one-tenth of t[...]viewer often retreats just when we are on the Australian entries were qui[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (161)[...]B o d y M elt \s a dynamic film in the sense that the season called "Black & White In 'Scope: The
specialist events such as this. No matter, such its identity doesn't rely on the woeful applause Anamarphic Vision"; O h[...]ralian. That part of "The Films of Powell & Pressburger"
year by the predominance of twp eve[...]cin': The MGM Musicals of Arthur
field exhibited in the Animation Focus. fessio[...]sur The focal point of all this in B o d y M elt is, of prints, and just the very[...]) as it films again, or for the first time, on the big
attended of all events. But audience fig[...]us thing about B o d y M elt is that it Perhaps in future years the Festival can organ[...]ause they are certainly worth reappraising.
tion in comparison to the fanfare of the opening[...]-minded academic
night film, M u rie l's W e d d in g ( P. J. Hogan). Yet it justification. It is a film[...]original film. B o d y M elt is certainly not shy on the popularity of television programmes like
h[...]blood lines, it's just that the herit Th e S im p so n s, exposure through commercials,
employ the[...]tic. coupled with ever-increasing advances in com-
ally strengthens rather than shatters the e[...]a
Jack Thompson's role as Harry Mitchell is in little like the ocker films
many ways a reworking of his role as Foley in Australia made in the
S u n d a y T o o F a r A w a y (Ken Hannam[...]positive, classic charac disowned. In the context
teristics of the mateship myth: stro[...]pple incapable of a `personal' film in this re
genuinely loving relationship with a wom[...]National Film Archive in
T h e S u m o f U s does indeed include a h[...]British
morous visual reference to S un day, and in so Film Institute under the
doing[...]patronage of Piper-
masculinity in Australia in the 19 years since Heidsieck resulted in the
S u n d a y was made. Harry Mitchell, in compari Piper-Heidsieck Classic
son[...]t' made up of a number of
becoming p threat to his masculinity.[...]the country through the
certainly essential in understanding the change Australian[...]seasons. The selections
innermost thoughts on formative moments in shown at this year's Fes
thei[...]ature, B o d y Melt, re Richard Brooks' In C o ld
volves around the inhabitants of Pebbles[...]ects of suburban culture as it
can get its hands on, from FM radio to fluoro-
clothes, from n[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (162)[...]FOUR RETROSPECTIVES: TOP LEFT: RICHARD BROOKS' IN COLD BLOOD-.
TOP RIGHT: STANLEY DONEN'S ON THE TOWN LEU: JOHN FORD'S THE[...]but the approach is similar in principle. Whether[...]e common denominator is the fact of
what ignored in preference to cel-animation is[...]Borthwick was
Sproxton of Aardman Animation were on hand appro[...]th have their in the late '80s to do a tally Aardman", a showcase of 17 pieces, the
studios based in Bristol, which is really the centre[...]ich are A G ra n d D a y O u t
for 3-D animation in Britain.[...]d N u rs e ry (British Academy Award winner in 1990 and[...]n Oscar the same year), C re a
78 . C I N E M A P A P E R S 1 01[...]ture Com forts (winner of an Academy Award in
episodes based on a clas 1991) and Th e W ro ng Tro u se r[...]d G ra n d D a y O u t and another Oscar win in 1994).[...]of the work-in-progress, tween science and magic. Just[...]t it was unrepresenta Shelley's F r a n k e n s te in , o r the M o d e rn[...]ing bleakvision. But on the ence inbuing life into a dead object (w[...]planners decidedtosched clay in Greek mythology).[...]ng, despite Borthwick Clay animation on film first made its appear[...]advising against it. Thefilm ance in silent cinema in conjunction with live-[...]provoked a lot of negative action in what were called tableaux vivants,[...]consequently the Cocteau's B lo o d of a P o e t.) These films usually[...]BBC went cold on the involved a dream sequence brack[...]Borthwick, however, coming to life. In a lot of cases, clay animation[...]film immediately picked up several awards in its like Aardman came along in the late '70S:.[...]renewed interest from the overcome in the face of live-action, the Mel[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (163)Films We Love 2P a rt C O N TIN U E D FROM P. 19 ably wealthy. Nor, final[...]y becoming a visual travelogue, does, and in the process woos Carmela for himself. Giuseppe
e[...]source of his wealth).
Hill inexplicably takes in tropical rain forests, the Sydney Har
bour Bridg[...]ural Carmela and Amedeo end up together in his desert home of
attractions like Ayers Rock.[...]Bun Bun Ga, united in their misery. Enrichment or the hope of a[...]otif of movement, but the
Of course, not all in Bello onesto is prosaic, nor is the above paradoxical undercurrent is that in gaining more one still has
necessarily inconsist[...]sto is thus something of a "pink" neorealist film in
perhaps it is just such commonplace `Australian'[...]ope of a better life is not altogether impossible in the new[...]e Italian immigrant, is writing
to his betrothed in Italy, a peasant girl from the South whom he Dear Carmela,
has never met and believes now resides in Roma as a factory This is a histori[...]Bun Ga. You come from the
worker. Amedeo is seen in mid-shot propped up against a n[...]taly: the country of Julius
telegraph pole while in voice-over we hear the words he scribbles[...]country of Michelangelo, of Galileo, the country
on his pad. The camera slowly pulls away high up int[...]0 -1 9 7 0 ",
are wet and Carmela, all dolled up in a blonde wig, mini-skirt and in The Australian Screen, ed. Albert Moran and Tom O[...]Feature Film Production, Oxford University Press in association with
Finally, the film cuts back[...]3 I believe Bello onesto is not available in this country on film. It was[...]- is not subtitled. Penta Films in Italy is believed to hold the theatrical rights.[...]y of movement is BELLO ONESTO EMIGRATO AUSTRALIA SPOSEREBBE COMPAESANA ILLIBATA [Girl In Australia]
the emotional paradoxes of the migrant, of livi[...]Carmela is not the peasant girl Amedeo had seen in a Art director: Flavio Mogherini. Cos[...]lmi, Angelo Infanti, Elli Maclure,
cannot get by on his own appearance so he sent Carmela a photo[...]echt Lucari for Documento Films. 35mm. 114 mins.
in Broken Hill, owns an American car, a house[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (164)[...]LLOYD HART

In a laudable spirit of optimism, however mis ers to participate in a business competing with
guided, collaborators in filmmaking often form a the company, or require unanimity on certain
company either for on-going development of a decisions. The cont[...]make and agreement may also be incorporated in the
market a fi[...]The most common company structure in the discretion of directors by compelling[...]vote a particular way, for directors must vote in
the only directors. Not surprisingly, at the time good faith in the best interests of the company.[...]project to issues to be decided by the company in general
focus on the ability of the standard Articles of meetin[...]the Here are some of the issues arising in Share
very people who later detect in each other the holders' Agreements:[...]the other way around? The best R oles of the P arties
safeguar[...]social engineers in the legislatures believe that, roles because, gi[...]ation of
a kind in which the motives of Mother Theresa S hare of P roceeds
would b[...]In the types of arrangements we have pre[...]a pared, the two filmmakers usually share in
contract among[...]ng
shareholders in relation to each other and the ing to the co[...]par
ticularway on named issues, forbid sharehold Death or In[...]be in a de facto partnership with the relatives of[...]the Board to have a casting vote. In this struc[...]ture, this can make one party theboss on issues[...]the two members of a company are in durable[...]conflict.

80 C I N E M A P A P E R S 101

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (165)[...]vide for Where disputes must be resolved quickly in the
the winding up of the company for breach of[...]clause, party or the other must have final say on various personalities, together with music[...]ble to agree, the financier may take over in Australia and internationally.
and requests the other to c[...]de The firm has wide experience in negotiating,
nurhber of days. parting party with a reasonable sum on buyout, structuring, documenting and co[...]" method requires both of valuation set out in the agreement. national co-prod[...]heir nominations of the valua
tion of the shares in a sealed envelope, which is In summary, a shareholders' agreement can[...]onsultant to the Australian Film Commission
well in advance. Mary M[...]time.) Hart & Spira has well-established relation
The preferre[...]ships with leading entertainment law firms in
keep the projects with which they are most F o r further inquiries: H art & Spira, Le ve l 2/ the U.S., UK and Europe. More[...]h Asia by
film up then gives the other a payment on 88 G eorge Street, The Rocks, S ydney, 2000. advising both local and Asian clients on media-
commencement of principal photography.[...]related matters in the Pacific region.[...]t a shareholder/director who has been A note on Hart & Spira legal services to clients in the entertainment
inactive for a specified time.[...]Hart & Spira is one of Australia's leading and provide the following spe[...]Melbourne Australia some of Australia'searliest[...]4
for our Fully Self Contained & serviced showing events Which[...]Now ohvideo in 11 4
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (166)Australia's First
Films CONTINUED FROM P.53

machines. The Limelight Department[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (167)[...]ltation and/or

The next installment will focus on Clement Mason's F lorodora[...]yman, Helen

anthropologist who went to Central Australia to shoot the first Tully; mil[...]per.
breaking effort produced 3,000 feet of film in two months, most
of which survives intact[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (168)[...]h o r t film s
M arketability CO N TIN UED FROM P. 27[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (169)[...]creative and financial successes, in[...]platform, that was represented in[...]the films.
What does Film Victoria do in
terms of marketing, as opposed[...]re suggesting, and the
has come out of Melbourne in[...]lity of the work that
the past three or so years in an[...]HOOKS: In terms of other market
to screen at BFI's Nationa[...]ing, we have done the SWOT analy
Theatre from 12-31 August. From[...]sis - Strengths, W eaknesses,
there, it's going on to Washing[...]pportunities, and Threats - and
ton DC to screen in the American[...]tion, the ACTF, Crawfords, Jonathon Schiff and so on,[...]ave are The Big Steal [Nadia Tass,
1990], D eath in Brunswick [John Ruane, 1991], The H eartbreak Next year in March, the World Summit on Television and
K id, H olidays on the River Yarra, Nirvana Street Murder [Aleksi Children will be held in Melbourne. That's something we are all
Vellis, 1991], P roof, R om per Stom per and Spotsw ood [Mark looking forward to, and will certainly put Melbourne on the
Joffe, 1992]. The three shorts - Only the Br[...]We also have It's an interesting time in television all over the world. Some
three short documentaries - K oories and Cops [Daryl Dellora, of the co[...]etter [Aleksi Vellis, 1992] and L ife at Little L on [Jo always taken a significant interest in children's television, are
Lane, 1992] - that we[...]ing borders and so on.

The other thing that we wanted to point out through the Equally, in the States, where they have always had a really free
season is the interactive nature of the industry here in Melbourne: hand and can do anything they like t[...]through the of crap from 6am to midday on a Saturday morning. Isn't there
Independent Filmmakers' Fund and then go on to do a low- something better that w[...]ing from the most
budget feature, or are working on a feature, or doing corporate free of free[...]So, they look at Australia, which has a combination of public[...]on and subsidy.
The season is being launched in Melbourne by Haddon Storey They look at that model as something the rest of the world might
on 29 July and in London as well at Australia House on 12 emulate. It's quite extraordinary: little old Australia is leading the
August. The opening night film in both London and Washington way. That is[...]? released in Australia in 1986. The AFC has also funded Aleksi Vellis'[...]a50-minute drama; it just happenedto end
a phase in Melbourne filmmaking. I don't think the same idea[...]r (75 mins).
are necessarily going to be carried on with.[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 101 85

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (170)Stephan Elliott CONTINUED FROM P.TO system works. Well, fuck them. I decided not to put Priscilla in[...]y would really like to have it. If it doesn't fit in, Unfortunately, most members of the crew, m[...]now I've become part of the family thing. on their first film, came to me one by one and said,[...]in, but I don't want to know about it. I'm not going[...]g up and Priscilla seems certain to be
nominated in many categories. How seriously do you take the[...]The FFC got dumped on a while ago on the press by a very snaky[...]to incredibly difficult, has had a change in management. Andrena
Comp
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (171)[...]ers regrets it cannot accept information received in a different format, as it does not have the staff[...]roduction 29/8/94 ... On-set Crew[...]O n-set Crew

Casting Maura Fay & Associates Laboratory[...]H.W. Wood International distributor Majestic Films[...]ldron Synopsis: A rural comedy based on the Steele Motion control electronics[...]company Rosen Harper Entertainment On-set Crew[...]stment and Flo, widows in their mid-sixties, who be Post-prod, s[...]FFC come embroiled in a macabre plot when a corpse Mixed at[...]duction FFC

International distributor Beyond Distribution and a cop both decide to take refuge in the S[...]tt,

Synopsis: Glad Rags is a costume hire shop in disused pawn shop that is their residen[...]dresses and joins an all-girl band in town for the

vivid imagination. She loves dres[...]local festival. He falls hopelessly in love with

fancies herself as an actress ... a[...]ed but being a woman he's honest.

ON OUR SELECTION Pr[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (172)[...]ing. I decided to change my life. I took my life on
Asst location manager Melissa Rymer[...]nsurer Tony Leonard On-set Crew[...]ducer Terry Charatsis On-set Crew

Camera equipment Samuel[...]Standby props Murray Gosson

On-set Crew M[...]On-set Crew
Standby props Dean Sullivan Post-Production[...]Maureen Green (Sister Theresa), Dean Nottle

Wardrobe[...]aloff Synopsis: Mary MacKillop is one of Australia's

Sound design Frank Lipsom[...]ll photography Simon Stanbury In January 1995, Mary will be beatified by Pope

o[...]Maria Blore John Paul II in Sydney as Australia's first saint.[...]Fahy Prod, companies Film Australia
[No details supplied.] Chris Noonan[...]John Humphries in his twenties), Bobbi-Jean Henry (Jem), Michael Bourchier

Based on play by Hannie Rayson Editor[...]rod, manager Sue MacKay On-set Crew[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (173)[...]rah Stephens but were soon placed in detension at Port Hedland
Synopsis: A story of a[...]ty Insurer Tony Gibb, H. W. Wood Australia Post-production August 29 - mid December[...]Robertson issues relating to sexuality in their daily lives. Scriptwriters[...]t Jenny Davies

Synopsis: Isolated on a remote planet, the crew Wardrobe asst[...]oth Warren Solicitor

hostile world they reside on. Construction Dept[...]Sound editor Dean Gawen

Pre-production 14/2/94 .[...]nou Borrey Mixer Dean Gawen

Production 21/3/94 .[...]gett Insurer H. W. Wood Australia Government Agency Investment

Prod, d[...]rner Titles Optical & Graphic Completion guarantor F[...]Legal services Heidtman & Co. SBS[...]Frameworks number of children bom in Melbourne in 1990,

Extras casting Rose Garc[...]se Shooting stock Kodak 7298 & 7293

Prod, manager Brenda Pam[...]Frameworks Prod, company Cariyon & Rivette Pictures

Prod, secretary Kerry Mulgrew Pacific Film & Television Commission Government Agency In[...]obert of youth, culture, crime and music in the urban Principal Credits

Production ru[...]Terry Cariyon

Insurer H. W. Wood Australia Shane Briant (Kevin Bosey), Craig Bresli[...]ark Hamlyn

Legal services Martin Cooper & Co. Vanessa Steele (Rachel Kossinger),[...]chael Collins

Cast van Starwagons Australia Kelly Wheatstone, has her own agenda. Th[...]Hirschfelder

Unit truck Starwagons Australia killer holds the ace card and decides to[...]Other Credits

Qld liaison Pacific Film & TV Commission game on his terms. Ex[...]Camera maintenance Lemae Film Rentals

On-set Crew[...]Sarah Stephens Synopsis: On New Year's Eve 1991,56 Chinese Still pho[...]Eva Omer Nationals landed in a wooden boat - code named Post-Production[...]er Fiona Cochrane "Isabella", on the shores of far north western Post-produc[...]producer Geoff Barnes Australia. After weeks in the desert, all survived, Sound editor[...]C I N E M A P A P E R S 101 . 89

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (174)[...]On-set Crew[...]4 Art Department

Synopsis: Each year in Australia hundreds of Principal Credits[...]n NSW FILM & TELEVISION OFFICE

unhappy or abusive homes, ot[...]e Centre See previous issue for details on:[...]Casting Judy Brown & Associates[...]See previous issue for details on: Pre-production[...]IN LIVING MEMORY
Julia Red[...]istant Simon Gray LESSONS IN THE LANGUAGE OF Post-pr[...]On-set Crew
Editor Hugh Kittson[...]Sean Young AUSTRALIAN FILM TELEVISION & ] Editors[...]Post-Production
Insurer Hannan & Co See issue 99 for details on: Composers Garry[...]stock Agfa XT 100 | FILM AUSTRALIA 1 Story editor[...]f cast IProd, company Film Australia Script typists Trish Hepworth[...]Screen West focuses on the human subconscious, body Ian- Producer[...]d, co-ordinator Jo Warren

Inti, distributor RPTA PRIMETIME[...]Brendan "Moose" Boyd

tells the tales of Australia's earliest known ship Prod company[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (175)[...]Maggie Kolev C la p p e r- lo a d e r Trish Keating[...]Peta Lawson HALIFAX F.P. (tele-featu re)

Neri double/diver Zel[...]Robotechnology On-set Crew[...]Howard Griffiths

Inti, distributor Beyond Distribution[...]Studios Crawford Australia On-set Crew Pr[...]Margot Brock

Prod, company Crawford Australia Sound editors Stephen Vaugha[...]O'Brien Legal services Marshalls & Dent

Production 30/5/94 - 11/11/[...]Mixed at Crawfords Australia Special fx supervisor Steve Gourt[...]Time lapse Digital Arts Film & Television Special fx coord Debbie Jackson[...]On-set Crew
Exec, producers Bruce G[...]Prod, company Extra Dimensions in Rodney Russ[...]See previous issue for details on:
Prod, assistant Carol Matthews[...]

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (176)[...]ERS HAS RATED A SELECTION OF THE LATEST RELEASES ON A SCALE OF 0 TO 10 , THE LATTER BEING THE[...]
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (177)[...]formats.
Alternatively, material shot and edited on
video can be D.E.N. Kined and then
telecine tra[...]P.O. Box 355. Elsternwick,[...]Victoria.3185 Australia.[...](Incorporated in Victoria)
Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (178)[...]System

Call 008 337 935, fo r more In fo rm a tio n .

MD

Issues digitised from original copies in the collection of Ray Edmondson

MTV Publishing Ltd, Abbotsford, Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (September 1994). University of Wollongong Archives, accessed 20/11/2024, https://archivesonline.uow.edu.au/nodes/view/5109

Cinema Papers no. 101 October 1994 (2024)
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